大别山山核桃林地土壤养分特征及肥力评价

Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Fertility Evaluation of Carya dabieshanensis Forest Land

[目的]探明大别山山核桃主产区林地土壤肥力状况,为大别山山核桃林地土壤管理和科学施肥提供依据。[方法]在金寨县、霍山县、罗田县大别山山核桃主产区采集土壤样本88个,以pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾为评价指标,应用模糊综合评判法对土壤肥力进行评价,分析其含量及变异情况。[结果]大别山山核桃林区土壤pH平均值为5.19;土壤有机质、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量整体丰富,均值分别为53.11 g·kg^(−1)、0.99 g·kg^(−1)、179.41 mg·kg^(−1)和21.30 mg·kg^(−1),全氮平均值为1.02 g·kg^(−1),含量中等,全钾和速效钾含量相对缺乏,均值为8.24 g·kg^(−1)和71.52 mg·kg^(−1)。大别山山核桃林地土壤肥力综合指标值(IFI)均值为0.61,Ⅱ和Ⅲ级土壤均占50.00%。主成分分析表明,有机质、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、pH和全钾是影响土壤综合肥力的最主要因素。[结论]大别山山核桃林地土壤综合肥力总体较高,有机质、碱解氮、磷素含量丰富,pH值呈酸性,钾素缺乏,土壤管理上应改良土壤提高pH值,增施钾肥、保持磷肥和减少氮肥使用。

[Objective]To explore the soil fertility of forest land in the main production area of Carya dabieshanensis,and provide basis for soil management and scientific fertilization of forest land of C.dabieshanensis.[Method]88 soil samples were collected from the main producing areas of C.dabieshanensis in Jinzhai County,Huoshan County and Luotian County.According to the indicators of pH,organic matter,Total N,Toal P,Total K,Available N,Available P and Available K,the soil fertility was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,and its content and variation were analyzed.[Results]The average soil pH value of Carya dabieshanensis was 5.19;The contents of soil organic matter,Total P,Available N and Available P were generally rich,with an average of 53.11 g·kg^(−1),0.99 g·kg^(−1),179.41 mg·kg^(−1)and 21.30 mg·kg^(−1),respectively.The average value of Total N was 1.02 g·kg^(−1),at a medium content level.The contents of soil Total K and Available K were relatively deficient,with an average of 8.24 g·kg^(−1)and 71.52 mg·kg^(−1).The average value of comprehensive index of soil fertility(IFI)of C.dabieshanensis was 0.61.Both Grade II and III soils accounted for 50.00%.Principal component analysis showed that organic matter,Available N,Total P,Available P,pH and Total K were the most important factors affecting soil comprehensive fertility.[Conclusion]The comprehensive soil fertility of forest land in C.dabieshanensis is generally high.The contents of organic matter,Available N and phosphorus are rich,the pH value is acidic,and potassium is deficient.Soil management should improve the soil to increase the pH value,increase potassium fertilizer,maintain phosphorus fertilizer and reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer.