基于伴随理论的无人机气动弹性优化

Aeroelastic Optimization of UAVs Based on Adjoint Theory

无人机的应用日益广泛,其轻量化、低成本与高效能的设计需求不断提高。随着结构柔度的增加,优化设计过程中多学科耦合效应愈发突出,因此高效的气动弹性优化方法是提升无人机整体性能的重要途径。结合气动涡格法与结构有限元法,通过松耦合的方式开展气动弹性分析,基于伴随理论和序列二次规划法实现快速的非线性敏度优化。分别针对长航时和高机动两类典型无人机,以最小燃油消耗为目标,对机翼的气动外形和空间梁结构等参数进行优化设计。结果表明,该气动弹性优化方法可充分考虑无人机的气动弹性效应,在满足结构安全的条件下实现整体性能的提升,并大幅提高设计效率。

The application of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)is becoming increasingly widespread,with growing demands for lightweight,cost-effective,and high-performance designs.As structural flexibility increases,multidisciplinary coupling effects become more prominent.Therefore,efficient aerodynamic-structural optimization methods are crucial for enhancing the overall performance of UAVs.This paper com⁃bines the aerodynamic vortex lattice method and the structural finite element method to conduct aerodynamic-structural analysis in a loosely coupled manner.Rapid nonlinear sensitivity optimization is achieved using adjoint theory and sequential quadratic programming.For two typi⁃cal UAV types,long-endurance,and high-maneuverability UAVs,the aerodynamic shape of the wings and parameters of the spatial beam structure are optimized to minimize fuel consumption.The results show that the proposed aerodynamic-structural optimization method can ade⁃quately consider the aerodynamic-structural effects of UAVs.Under the condition of satisfactory structural safety,it can enhance overall per⁃formance and significantly improve design efficiency.