磷和根际土壤菌群调控川丹参有效成分含量的机理

Mechanisms of Phosphorus and Root Zone Soil Microbial Regulating Active Ingredient Content of Chuandanshen

磷肥和根际土壤微生物是影响药用植物有效成分含量的关键因素,探明施磷和根际土壤微生物群落对川丹参有效成分含量的调控机理,为川丹参高产栽培提供科学依据。以过磷酸钙(Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2)·H_(2)O)为磷源,采用大田随机区组设计试验,设置了磷肥的4种施用梯度,研究川丹参收获后有效成分含量和根际土壤微生物群落组成的变化,并分析这些指标间的相关性。施磷后,丹参酮ⅡA含量逐渐降低,且不同处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05),但丹酚酸B含量的变化不显著(P>0.05);P1和P3的细菌和真菌α多样性均低于P0,P2的细菌和真菌的α多样性高于P0。同时,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)的相对丰度总体呈上升趋势,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)的相对丰度总体呈下降趋势。Pearson相关分析表明,土壤速效磷(SAP)与丹参酮ⅡA的含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与丹酚酸B的含量相关性不显著(P>0.05);SAP与疣微菌门呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与蓝藻菌门呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与其他菌门相关性不显著(P>0.05);丹参酮ⅡA含量与疣微菌门呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与芽单胞菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05);丹酚酸B含量与任何菌门的相关性都不显著(P>0.05)。推测SAP能通过降低疣微菌门的相对丰度来抑制丹参酮ⅡA含量的积累。

Phosphorus(P)and root zone soil microbial are the key factors affecting the content of effective ingredients in medicinal plants.The regulation mechanism of phosphorus application and rhizosphere soil microbial community on the content ofeffective components ofChuandanshen was investigated,which provided scientific basis for high-yield cultivation of Chuandanshen.Four P application treatments were set up in the field randomized block design experiment by using superphosphate(Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2)·H_(2)O)as phosphorus source,study the changes in the content of active ingredients and the composition of rhizosphere soil microbial communities after harvesting of Chuandanshen,and analyze the correlation between these indicators.After P application,tanshinone Ⅱ A content gradually decreased,and the difference between treatments reached a significant level(P<0.05),but the change in salvianol acid B content was not significant(P>0.05);theαdiversity of bacteria and fungi was lower in P1 and P3 than in PO,and higher in P2 than in Po.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadota,Bacteroidota,Cyanobacteria,Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were generally increasing,while the the relative abundance of Chloroflexi,Patescibacteria,Verrucomicrobiota,Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were generally decreasing.Pearson analysis showed that soil available phosphorus(SAP)was negatively correlated with tanshinone Ⅱ A(P<0.05),but not significantly correlated with salvianolic acid B(P>0.05);SAP was negatively correlated with Verrucomicrobiota(P<0.01),positively correlated with Cyanobacteria(P<0.05);tanshinone Ⅱ A content showed a positive correlation(P<0.05)with Verrucomicrobiota and a negative correlation(P<0.05)with Gemmatimonadota;the correlation between salvianolic acid B content and any bacterial phylum was not significant(P>0.05).It was speculated that SAP could inhibit the accumulation of tanshinone ⅡA content by reducing the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota.