国外左翼学者对资本主义起源的新阐释——基于对于松、李锔荣和罗珀的比较分析

New Interpretation of the Origin of Capitalism by Foreign Left-Wing Scholars——Based on the Comparative Analysis of Husson,Yi GukYueng and Roper

在经过“布伦纳辩论”后,国外左翼学者继续对资本主义起源问题进行深度分析,于松、李锔荣、罗珀等学者分别提出多因素决定论、阶级均衡与大众市场论、社会财产关系转变论,这些论断既是对已有学术观点的继承,也是在新的历史条件下的创新发展。于松认为资本主义的产生具有多种因素,细而言之,即资本主义的形成和发展不是线性、单一的和自然而然的,而是在一定社会关系中形成的,需要从经济因素、政治因素、文化因素等多个方面去探寻。李锔荣从阶级均衡、大众市场等视角揭示了封建主义向资本主义过渡的机制,以及农业革命与工业革命的关系。罗珀认为英格兰资本主义的产生是封建贵族和新兴地主阶级之间合谋的一个结果,他们不断地削弱封建社会财产关系,代之以资本主义的社会财产关系,使对农民的剥削手段由超经济强制手段转变为经济手段。坚持恩格斯的“历史合力论”,批判经济决定论、技术决定论和商业决定论,深化对资本主义本质、起源和发展趋势的认识,十分必要且意义重大。

After the“Brenner debate”,foreign left-wing scholars continued to conduct in-depth analyses on the origin of capitalism.Husson,Yi GukYueng,Roper and other scholars put forward the multi-factor determinism,class balance and mass market theory,and the transformation theory of social property relations respectively.These assertions are not only the inheritance of existing academic views,but also the innovative development under the new historical conditions.Husson believes that the emergence of capitalism has a variety of factors.In short,capitalism is not formed and developed in a linear,single and natural way,but formed in certain social relations,which needs to be explored from economic factors,political factors,cultural factors and other aspects.Yi GukYueng reveals the mechanism of transition from feudalism to capitalism and the relationship between agricultural revolution and industrial revolution from the perspective of class balance and mass market.Roper believes that the emergence of capitalism in England is a result of the collusion between the feudal aristocracy and the new landlord class,who constantly weakened the property relations of feudal society and replaced them with the social property relations of capitalism,so that the means of exploitation of farmers constantly changed from the means of supereconomic coercion to economic means.It is necessary and of great significance to adhere to Engels’Theory of Historical Synergy,criticize economic,technological and commercial determinism,and deepen our understanding of the nature,origin and development trend of capitalism.