柳宗元家族认同及贬谪心态析论

Research on Liu Zongyuan’s Identity of Clan and His Mentality of Exile

柳宗元遭贬,是他人生的一大转折。柳氏家族成员从北周至初唐皆与统治阶级关系密切,故一直享有较高的政治与社会地位。但经历了柳奭被杀的挫折之后,柳氏家族的政治地位便一落千丈。柳宗元对家族的兴盛与挫折有深切的体会,他怀抱强烈的家族认同感,时时想在政治上振兴日益衰微的柳氏家族。柳宗元早期仕宦非常顺利,是其家族复振的最大希望所在,然而永贞时期的被贬使得他所有的希望化为泡影。贬谪期间家族成员的去世、迁葬先祖坟茔心愿的落空,亦增添了他对家族的愧疚感。这种基于家族认同之上的忏悔心态,与他对自我信念的坚持,既互相对抗,又彼此交融,形成了他贬谪时期复杂心态重要的一面。

To be exiled was a great turning point of Liu Zongyuan’s life.The Liu clan of Hedong had very high political and social status from the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty because they were closely related to the ruling class.However,after Liu Shi was executed,the political status of the Liu clan fell off a cliff.Liu Zongyuan went through the ups and downs of the clan,and with strong identity of clan,he desired to revive politically the declining clan.His official career in his youth went very well,and he was indeed the best hope for the revival of the clan.However,his desire of clan revival crumbled to nothing when he was exiled.The death of some relatives during exile and the failure to relocate the ancestral tombs made him feel all the more guilty.This sense of guilt based on his identity of clan contradicted and blended with his insistence of self-belief,forming an important aspect of his complex mentality of exile.