我国三稀矿产找矿进展述评与新一轮找矿建议

Review on the progress of prospecting for three types of rare mineral resources in China and suggestions for the new round of prospecting

三稀矿产资源包括稀土、稀有和稀散矿产资源,其安全供应关系到我国战略性新兴产业的发展壮大。近年来,我国在三稀矿产找矿方面取得了一系列新进展:以项目组2023年取得的找矿进展为例,在四川省冕宁牦牛坪超大型稀土矿床外围发现了品位高、厚度大的氟碳铈矿-萤石-重晶石-方解石矿脉;在四川省加达大型锂矿床外围钻获含锂辉石伟晶岩矿体。这些找矿新发现将为我国战略性新兴产业的发展提供资源保障。但是,我国关键的稀有金属如锂、铌、钽还需依赖进口。目前,我国在三稀矿产资源调查研究领域还存在很多理论难题(如关键典型矿床的成因、三稀矿产空间分布规律等),相关技术领域还存在诸多瓶颈(如探测技术、共生伴生资源采选冶技术等)。为了进一步提高三稀矿产资源的综合开发利用,并在新一轮找矿突破战略行动中取得成效,建议加强三稀矿产赋存状态、工业类型与成因类型以及成矿模式与勘查模型的综合研究。

Three types of rare mineral resources include rare earth,rare metal and rare-scattered mineral resources,and their safe supply is relevant to the development and growth of strategic emerging industries of China.In recent years,China has made a series of new progress in prospecting for the three types of rare mineral resources.For example,the project team of the authors made the following progress in 2023.Firstly,a number of high grade and large-thickness veins of bastnaesite-fluorite-barite-calcite have been discovered in the periphery of Maoniuping ultra-large deposit in Mianning of Sichuan Province.Secondly,the ore bodies containing spodumene pegmatite have been drilled in the periphery of Jiada large deposit in Sichuan Province.These new discoveries will provide resource assurance for the development of strategic emerging industries of China.However,key rare metals such as lithium,niobium and tantalum are still relied on import in China.At present,numerous theoretical problems still exist in the investigation and research of the three types of rare mineral resources in China(such as genesis of the key typical deposits,spatial distribution of three types of rare mineral resources,etc.),and many bottlenecks are present in related technical areas,such as the detection technology,co-a ssociated resources mining,beneficiation and smelting technology.In order to improve the comprehensive development and utilization of the three types of rare mineral resources and achieve results in the implementation of the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategy,the authors suggest strengthening the comprehensive study on the state of occurrence,industrial and genetic types,metallogenic models and exploration models of the three types of rare mineral resources.