我国空气质量的时空变化及其城市群分布特征——兼论“十三五”时期以来我国空气污染治理成效

The Spatial-Temporal Changes of Air Quality and Distribution Characteristics of Urban Agglomerations in China:The Study on the Effectiveness of Air Pollution Control in China since the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

聚焦大气污染防治的重点时段、空间和重点地区,本文探索了2015—2021年全国、七大地理区域、省域、城市群及重点城市环境空气质量的时空变化,论述了我国“十三五”时期以来空气污染治理成效。研究发现:“十三五”时期以来我国大气环境质量取得了显著性、全局性改变;“十三五”时期以来我国呈现大气环境质量时空格局相对稳定且持续改善的过程;19个重点城市群空气质量总体呈现动态改善情景特征,东部城市群AQI高于西部城市群,北方城市群AQI高于南方城市群,并呈现以京津冀及周边地区为重心的城市群“连片化”分布特征。优化提升类城市群的空气质量改善幅度总体上依次高于发展壮大类城市群和培育发展类城市群,太原市、石家庄市、开封市、郑州市、济南市、西安市、天津市等中心城市大气污染依然严重。本文建议“十四五”时期我国深入大气污染防治攻坚战,应聚焦华北、西北、华中、华东地区冬春季大气污染防治,以87个环境空气PM2.5浓度监测值超二级浓度限值的城市为重点,以京津冀及周边地区、汾渭平原、东北地区、天山北坡等区域的城市群为攻坚目标,强化太原市、石家庄市、开封市、郑州市、济南市、西安市和天津市等中心城市大气污染防治,引领全国空气质量的深入改善。

Focusing on the key time,space and key areas for air pollution prevention and control,this paper explores the spatial and temporal changes of air quality in the country,seven geographic regions,provinces,urban agglomerations and key cities from 2015-2021,and discusses the effectiveness of air pollution control in China since the 13th Five-Year Plan period.This study finds that:China's air quality has made significant and global changes since the13th Five-Year Plan period.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China has shown a relatively stable process of spatial and temporal pattern of air quality,and continued improvement.The overall air quality of 19 urban agglomerations shows the characteristics of dynamic improvement situation.The AQI of the eastern urban agglomerations is higher than that of the western urban agglomerations,and the AQI of the northern urban agglomerations is higher than that of the urban agglomerations,and the distribution of the urban agglomerations is"contiguous"with Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei and surrounding areas as the center of gravity.The air quality improvement rate of the upgrading urban agglomerations is generally higher than the developing urban agglomerations and the fostering urban agglomerations,the air pollution in central cities such as Taiyuan,Shijiazhuang,Kaifeng,Zhengzhou,Jinan,Xi'an and Tianjin is still serious.The study suggests that to lead the country's air quality deep improvement,the 14th Five-Year Plan air pollution prevention and control campaign should focus on the prevention and control of winter and spring air pollution in North China,Northwest China,Central China and East China,with a focus on 87 cities with PM2.5concentration monitoring values exceeding secondary concentration limits,with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas,the Fenwei Plain,the northeast region,the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and other regions of the urban agglomerations as the target of the attack,strengthen the city of Taiyuan,Shijiazhuang,Kaifeng,Zhengzhou,Jinan,Xi'an and Tianjin and other central cities of air pollution prevention.