周恩来与中央红军的战略转移

Zhou Enlai and the Strategic Shift of the Central Red Army

红军取得第四次反“围剿”的伟大胜利后,面对国民党军准备新“围剿”之机,周恩来和朱德据理力争在运动中消灭敌人的正确军事方针,但博古和李德却简单照搬苏联军事斗争经验,顽固坚持扩大苏区和夺取中心城市的战略方针,轻视毛泽东、周恩来、朱德等人在实践中总结的正确战略战术,致使红军第五次反“围剿”战争节节失败,不得不离开中央苏区进行战略转移。为准备红军主力撤离中央苏区,实行战略转移,中央书记处会议决定由博古、李德和周恩来三人组成中央“三人团”,负责筹划和准备工作,尽管周恩来与博古、李德在战略战术上有分歧,却以极强的组织观念“相忍为党”,根据共产国际的战略转移指示,周恩来负责或参与了红七军团北上、红六军团西征、与粤军陈济棠谈判达成借道协议、组建第八军团和中央教导师、确定红军主力集结地等诸多秘密准备工作,参与指挥中央机关和红军主力集结于都、组织部队抢渡湘江渡口等军事行动,指挥红军西征通过四道封锁线。

After the Red Army achieved the great victory of the fourth campaign against"encirclement and suppression",faced with the Kuomintang army's preparation for a new"encirclement and suppression",Zhou Enlai and Zhu De argued for the correct military policy of eliminating the enemy in mobile warfare,while Bo Gu and Li De simply copied the experience of the Soviet Union's military struggle,stubbornly persisting in the strategic policy of expanding the Soviet area and capturing the central city,and neglected the correct strategies and tactics summarized by Mao Zedong,Zhou Enlai and Zhu De in practice,which resulting in the failure of the Red Army's fifth campaign against"encirclement and suppression",and forced the Red Army to leave the Central Soviet area for strategic shift.To prepare for the withdrawal of the main force of the Red Army from the Central Soviet area and the implementation of strategic shift,the Central Secretariat decided to form the central"group of three"by Bo Gu,Li De and Zhou Enlai,responsible for planning and preparation work.Although Zhou Enlai had differences with Bo Gu and Li De in strategy and tactics,he was“patient for the sake of the party”with a strong organizational concept.According to the strategic shift instructions of the Communist International,Zhou Enlai was responsible for or participated in many secret preparations such as the Seventh Red Army Group's northward march,the Sixth Red Army's westward expedition,the negotiation of a loan agreement with Chen Jitang of the Guangdong Army,the formation of the Eighth Army and the Central instructors,and the determination of the main concentration of the Red Army.He participated in the command of the central organs and the Red Army main body gathered in Yudu,organized troops to rush across the Xiangjiang River ferry and other military operations,and commanded the Red Army to march through four blockades.