多维相对贫困视角下的女性生育代价--来自CFPS数据的经验证据

The Cost of Female Fertility from the Perspective of Multidimensional Relative Poverty-Empirical Evidence from CFPS Data

面对人口红利逐渐消失的现实问题与人口结构亟待优化的迫切需要,国家进行了生育政策调整的实践,但生育率却依旧低迷,生育代价是微观经济理论阐释这一现象的重要原因。为了理解和量化这一概念,弥补既有研究在非劳动就业方面关注度欠缺的不足,从多维相对贫困视角出发,利用生育行为对女性多维相对贫困程度和状态的冲击作为识别框架,对女性的生育代价进行更为综合的定量估计。研究表明:第一,女性单维贫困发生率较高的指标依次是家庭赋权、就业剥夺和家务工作;第二,生育行为将导致女性多维相对贫困剥夺总得分增加0.031,使其陷入多维相对贫困的几率比增加83.1%;第三,在具备不同教育程度、户籍和家庭生产活动特征的个体间生育代价具有异质性。本研究为理解女性生育代价提供了新的视角,可以为完善生育配套政策、设计增强生育政策包容性,构建生育友好型社会提供参考。

Faced with the realistic problem of population dividend disappearing gradually and the urgent need of population structure to optimize,our country has carried out the practice of birth policy adjustment,but the fertility rate is still low,birth price is an important reason why microeconomic theory explains this phenomenon.In order to understand and quantify this con-cept and make up for the lack of attention paid to non-labor employment by existing studies,this paper,from the perspective of multidimensional relative poverty,uses the impact of reproductive behavior on the degree and status of multidimensional relative poverty of women as the identification framework,and makes a more comprehensive quantitative estimation of female reproductive costs.The results show that:first,the indicators of the higher incidence of one-dimensional poverty for women are family empowerment,employment deprivation and domestic work in turn;Second,reproductive behavior will increase the total score of multidimensional relative poverty deprivation by 0.031,and increase the probability of multidimensional relative poverty by 83.1%.Third,there is heterogeneity among individuals with different educational levels,household registration and family productive activities.This study provides a new perspective for understanding the cost of female fertility,and can provide a reference for improving the supporting fertility policies,designing more inclusive fertility policies,and building a childbearing friendly society.