夫妻共有不动产的执行程序分割——兼评《民事强制执行法(草案)》第173条第3款

The Division of the Execution Procedure of the Joint Real Estate of the Spouses——Comment on Paragraph 3 of Article 173 of the Civil Compulsory Enforcement Law(Draft)

债务人在夫妻共有不动产中的份额属于责任财产,执行法院应分割不动产确定其份额。《民事强制执行法(草案)》第173条第3款规定,未达成析产协议的,执行程序可依据出资额占比或等额均分方式分割共同共有财产,不必通过诉讼程序分割。夫妻共有不动产权属具有复杂性,从外部看为包含债务人与其配偶份额的共同共有财产,从内部看不仅包含夫妻共同财产,还可能含个人财产,这使得执行分割面临困境。执行程序分割夫妻共有不动产,需要考量夫妻财产制、不动产登记以及夫妻财产分割协议对财产权属的影响。执行程序可通过建构夫妻共有不动产的认定标准、执行程序分割规则以及针对不同性质财产的不同分割方法来平衡执行效率与实体公正的关系。

The debtor's share in the marital real estate belongs to the liability property,and the enforcement court should divide the real estate to determine its share.Article 173,paragraph 3,of the Civil Compulsory Enforcement Law(Draft)stipulates that if an agreement on property division is not reached,the execution procedure may divide the common property according to the proportion of the capital contribution or the equal sharing method,and it is not necessary to divide it through the litigation procedure.The joint real estate ownership of the spouses is complex.From the external perspective,it is a joint property that includes the debtor's share and his or her spouse's share.From the internal perspective,it includes not only the joint property of the spouses,but also personal property,which makes the implementation of division difficult.The implementation of the procedure to divide the real estate jointly owned by the spouses needs to consider the influence of the marital property system,the real estate registration and the marital property division agreement on the property ownership.The execution procedure can balance the relationship between the efficiency of execution and the substantive justice by constructing the identification standard of the joint property of the spouses,the rules for the division of the execution procedure and the different methods for the division of property of different natures.