第三人持有不动产交付执行之困境及其化解

The Dilemma of Delivery of Real Estate Held by Third Parties and Its Solution

不动产交付执行是一种特定形式的执行,目标是将不动产的占有转移给权利人。只有占有不动产的主体才能承担剥夺占有的义务,第三人物理上持有不动产是造成不动产交付执行困境的重要原因。不动产占有的公示性、阻断持有主体变化的困难、拍定后交付权利义务的不清晰、执行力原则上的相对性等共同作用引发了不动产交付执行的困境。由于执行力相对效的力度不足,执行力绝对效要求对特定不动产的任何占有人都可实施强制执行,不限于执行依据载明的主体,亦不限于可以被变更、追加为被执行人的主体。构建我国对第三人持有的不动产交付执行的体系需要结合执行力相对效与绝对效的方案,交错适用执行力绝对效与执行力相对效,如此才能在确保执行正当性的基础上,实现执行债权人的权利。

Immovable property delivery is a specific form of execution,and its purpose is to transfer the physical possession of the item.Only the person in actual possession of the property a bear the obligation of deprivation of possession.The difficulty in carrying out the delivery of real estate is significantly influenced by the third party's physical possession of the property.The problem with real estate delivery execution has been brought on by the publicity of real estate possession,the difficulties of preventing the change of the holding subject,the uncertain rights and obligations of delivery after the auction,and the relative character of execution in general.Due to the relative effect of execution's weakness,the absolute effect of execution allows any possessor of a specific immovable property can be enforced,and is not restricted to the subject stated in the title of execution or to the subject that can be modified or added as the obligator.In order to realize the rights of executive creditors while ensuring the legitimacy of execution,it is necessary to combine the scheme of relative effect and absolute effect of execution power and apply them alternately when building the system of delivery execution of real estate held by third parties in China.