欠发达地区发展的“低水平均衡”及其突破——川西B县乡村振兴的案例研究

“Low-level Equilibrium” Trap in Underdevelopment Region and It s Breakthrough: Case Study of Rural Revitalization in County B of West Sichuan

乡村多样性现实和乡村振兴分类推进的政策要求,呼唤更为丰富的乡村类型研究。尽管“空心化”所导致的“乡村衰落”已经成为诸多乡村振兴研究的默认起点,但以B县为代表的“三区三州”地区可能会成为这一默认共识的“视野盲区”。这类地区在人口流动上呈现出明显的“域内流动”特征,而过往的区域发展阶段论或者“封闭说”无法很好地解释这种流动模式得以维持的原因及其对乡村发展的影响。B县乡村振兴的现实背景是以人口“域内流动”为表征的“低水平均衡”发展陷阱,使得在“空心化语境”基础上建立的政策议程与该类乡村面临的首要困难不匹配:与“空心化”议题中“人的流失”相比,“低水平均衡”面对的是人口域内流动和低人力资本带来的负反馈问题。然而,B县在合法性逻辑和内部效率的主导下,采取“情境性抽离”的做法推进乡村振兴,导致了“低水平均衡”的再生产。建议避免照搬“空心化”较强地区的做法,以嵌入性的政策实践来突破“低水平均衡”,并在充分考虑“人口在地化”优缺点的基础上统筹产业推进、公共服务和社会治理。

The reality of rural diversity and the policy requirements of promoting Rural Revitalization by classification call for a richer study of rural types.Although the“decay”caused by“village-hollowing”has become the default starting point of many Rural Revitalization studies,the“Three Regions and Three Prefectures”represented by County B may become the“blind spot”of this default consensus.Rural Revitalization in County B is an example of the“Low-level Equilibrium”development trap which is characterized by“intra-regional mobility”of its population.The policy agenda is based on a“hollowing”context that does not match the challenge faced by the village.Under the guidance of legitimacy logic and internal efficiency,County B adopted“de-contextualization”to promote revitalization,resulting in the reproduction of“Low-level Equilibrium”.Embedded policy practice is a possible direction to break through the“Low-level Equilibrium”trap.In the context of“population localization”,promoting the revitalization of industry,public services,and social governance at the county level tests the policy wisdom of local governments.