福建省沙县区2012—2021年农村环境卫生健康危害因素的监测结果与分析

Monitoring Results and Analysis of Rural Environmental Health Hazards in Shaxian District,Fujian Province From 2012 to 2021

目的分析农村环境卫生健康危害因素的监测结果,并提出相应的分析和讨论。方法采用全国统一的调查表通过现场调查、问卷调查、现场采样等方法,对2012年6月—2021年6月沙县区每年20个行政村、100户农户的调查数据进行收集和分析。结果自来水覆盖率和卫生厕所普及率逐年提高;调查时点腹痛腹泻的病例逐年减少;生活垃圾处置和生活污水排放方式逐年改善;家庭及周边积水容器、室内蚊蝇鼠蟑的数量逐年减少;疾病调查高血压、糖尿病等慢性病患病率逐年增加。土壤检测显示铅和铬未超标,镉合格率为82.22%,菜地的合格率显著高于农地;蛔虫卵检出率为48.33%,菜地检出率显著高于农田。结论农村环境卫生状况和卫生健康危害因素是一个复杂的系统,涉及许多因素,如污染、环境卫生、疾病预防等。为保障农产品的安全性和农田的环境质量,需要加强对农业化学品的管理和监测,推广农田粪便无害化处理技术,并加强农民的健康教育。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of health hazard factors of rural environmental sanitation,and put forward corresponding analysis and discussion.Methods The survey data of 100 farmers in 20 administrative villages in Shaxian District from June 2012 to June 2021 were collected and analyzed by means of field survey,questionnaire survey and field sampling.Results The coverage rate of tap water and sanitary toilets increased year by year.The cases of abdominal pain and diarrhea decreased year by year at the time of investigation.Domestic waste disposal and domestic sewage discharge methods have been improved year by year;The number of mosquitoes,flies,rats and cockroaches in the family and surrounding water containers and indoors is decreasing year by year.Disease investigation The prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes is increasing year by year.Soil testing showed that lead and chromium did not exceed the standard,and the qualified rate of cadmium was 82.22%,and the qualified rate of vegetable field was significantly higher than that of agricultural land.The detection rate of ascaris eggs was 48.33%,and the detection rate in vegetable field was significantly higher than that in farmland.Conclusion The sanitation status and health hazards in rural areas constitute a complex system involving various factors,including pollution,environmental hygiene,and disease prevention,among others.In order to ensure the safety of agricultural products and the environmental quality of farmland,it is necessary to strengthen the management and monitoring of agricultural chemicals,popularize the harmless treatment technology of farmland manure and strengthen farmers'health education.