基于抽样调查的在校大学生抑郁、焦虑、压力状况研究

A study on the depression,anxiety,and stress status of college students based on sampling survey

目的:调查研究某高校在校学生抑郁、焦虑和压力的现状,为学校了解学生心理状况提供依据。方法:于2021年11月1日至11月30日在内蒙古医科大学金山校区,采用分层整群随机抽样方式调查了在校的本、专科、研究生的抑郁、焦虑和压力状况。调查工具由自制一般情况调查表和抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表简版(DASS-21)两部分构成。一般情况调查表包括人口学特征、经济状况、自评健康状况、压力状况、人际关系、锻炼情况、手机/网络使用状况等。结果:全部1569名受试者中,检出抑郁者占21.73%,检出焦虑者占29.32%,检出压力者占11.03%。分层分析和多因素分析结果显示抑郁的保护性因素有:女性(OR=0.68,P<0.01),体育锻炼(OR=0.81,P<0.01),身体状况好(OR=0.53,P<0.01),学习状态好(OR=0.90,P<0.05),人际关系佳(OR=0.75,P<0.01),且年级越高的同学抑郁率越高;焦虑的保护性因素有:身体状况好(OR=0.54,P<0.01)和人际关系佳(OR=0.77,P<0.05);压力的保护性因素有:女性(OR=0.71,P<0.05),身体状况好(OR=0.60,P<0.01),体育锻炼多(OR=0.70,P<0.01)和人际关系佳(OR=0.81,P<0.01)。结论:本研究发现大学生群体焦虑发生占比较高。学校应主动定期监测学生的心理状况。开设人际关系辅导课程和在冬季开展室内体育锻炼可能有助于减缓学生心理问题的发生。

Objective:To investigate the current situation of depression,anxiety and stress of students in a university,and to provide a basis for the school to understand the psychological status of students.Methods:From November 1 to November 30,2021,a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the depression,anxiety and stress status of undergraduate,junior college and graduate students in Jinshan Campus of Inner Mongolia Medical University.The survey tool consists of two parts:a self-made general situation questionnaire and a Self-rating Depression-anxiety-stress Scale(DASS-21).The general situation questionnaire includes demographic characteristics,economic status,self-rated health status,stress status,interpersonal relationship,exercise status,mobile phone/network use status,etc.Results:Of the 1569 participants,21.73%were found to be depressed,29.32%were anxious,and 11.03%were stressed.The results of stratified analysis and multivariate analysis showed that the protective factors of depression were:female(OR=0.68,P<0.01),physical exercise(OR=0.81,P<0.01),good physical condition(OR=0.53,P<0.01),good learning status(OR=0.90,P<0.05),good interpersonal relationship(OR=0.75,P<0.01),and the higher the grade,the higher the depression rate of the students.The protective factors of anxiety were good physical condition(OR=0.54,P<0.01)and good interpersonal relationship(OR=0.77,P<0.05).The protective factors of stress were female(OR=0.71,P<0.05),good physical condition(OR=0.60,P<0.01),more physical exercise(OR=0.70,P<0.01)and good interpersonal relationship(OR=0.81,P<0.01).Conclusion:The incidence of anxiety among college students is relatively high.Schools should take the initiative to regularly monitor the psychological status of students.Setting up interpersonal relationship counseling courses and carrying out indoor physical exercise in winter may help to slow down the occurrence of students'psychological problems.