基于田野调查的羌族村寨民居保护困境与出路

Challenges and solutions for thepreservation of Qiang dwellings based on field surveys

羌族民居遗产正面临毁灭性的伤害,如何对其保护成为当务之急。研究通过田野调查,对其困境进行分析,其困境包括:1)政策缺失及保护意识薄弱;2)恶劣气候及交通不便导致空心化;3)疏于保护带来的民居老化衰亡以及其与现代生活方式的矛盾;4)工业化时代冲击下的传统技艺丧失;5)持续的地震破坏及不科学的重建。研究提出了对策,对策包括:1)制定专门的保护规范,划拨财政资金,合理分配利益;2)依靠学者进行研究,科普,献策;3)推动社区参与;4)依靠改善交通,提供就业机会和发展旅游业来吸引人口;5)采用数字化手段进行信息留存;6)靠传承抗震技艺,民居加固及抗震设计来抵御地震;7)不同类型和资质的羌寨应进行差异化发展。

The architectural heritage of the Qiang ethnic group is facing catastrophic damage,and how to preserve it has become an urgent matter.Through field surveys,its challenges include:1)Lack of policies and weak conservation awareness;2)Hollowing out caused by harsh weather and inconvenient transportation;3)Deterioration of dwellings due to insufficient protection and conflicts with modern lifestyles;4)Loss of traditional craftsmanship under the impact of industrialization;5)Ongoing earthquake damage and unscientific reconstruction.The countermeasures to address these challenges include:1)Formulating specialized protection regulations,allocating financial resources,and fairly distributing benefits;2)Relying on scholars for research,education,and recommendations;3)Encouraging community participation;4)Improving transportation,providing employment opportunities,and developing tourism to attract the population;5)Using digital means for information preservation;6)Passing down earthquake-resistant techniques,strengthening dwellings,and implementing earthquake-resistant designs to withstand earthquakes;7)Different types and qualified Qiang settlements should undergo differentiated development strategies.