鱼类免疫系统研究概况

Overview of studies on the fish immune system

随着养殖的高度集约化和养殖环境的污染,鱼类出现各种各样传染疾病,造成较大经济损失。人们也越来越关注鱼体自身免疫健康,其中鱼类免疫系统是一套严密的防御体系,也是机体抵御病原微生物感染、维持机体自身稳定和组织器官正常发育不可缺少的重要机制。鱼类免疫系统不仅参与宿主体内病原与免疫活性物质的识别、清除、激活和应答,而且还能够通过细胞信号传导参与各种细胞功能调控或其他基因表达调控。文章概述鱼类免疫系统中免疫组织与器官、细胞免疫和体液免疫因子的研究进展,为鱼类绿色养殖以及病害免疫防控提供基础参考。

With the highly intensive scale of aquaculture and the poor aquaculture environment,a variety of infectious diseases have appeared in fish,resulting in huge economic losses.People are paying more and more attention to the autoimmune health of fish,in which the fish immune system is a set of strict defence system,which is also an indispensable mechanism for the organism to resist the infection of pathogenic microorganisms,to maintain the stability of the organism itself and the normal development of tissues and organs.The fish immune system not only participates in the recognition,removal,activation and response of pathogens and immunoreactive substances in the host,but also participates in the regulation of various cellular functions and other gene expression through cellular signal transduction.The article outlines the research progress of immune tissues and organs,cellular immunity and humoral immune factors in the fish immune system,and provides a basic reference for the green culture of fish as well as the immune prevention and control of diseases.