马克思正义观的三重逻辑——兼论西方新自由主义政治哲学的正义观及其批判

An Analysis of the Triple Logic of Marx's Concept of Justice——On the View of Justice and Its Criticism of Western Neoliberal Political Philosophy

新自由主义政治哲学家诺奇克公正理论的要点包括私人权利至上、国家最小化、正义三原则,忽略了人的社会性,性质是为资产阶级剥削正义背书。新自由主义政治哲学代表性人物罗尔斯认为正义是社会公正的要求,公平正义是基本的两个原则,原初状态是解决所有可能促使人趋向不平等决策的基础。相较于自由主义理论家正义理论的非历史性、无主体性与抽象性,马克思的正义观生成于具体历史的社会现实,以无产阶级和全人类的解放为理论归旨,具有社会性、历史性与阶级性三重属性。马克思独到的正义观彰显着马克思的政治哲学具有着深入时代的伟力。

The key points of the neoliberal political philosopher Nozick's theory of justice include the supremacy of private rights,the minimization of the state,and the three principles of justice.The theory ignores the social nature of human beings and endorses the justice of the bourgeoisie's exploitation.Rawls,a representative of neoliberal political philosophy,believes that justice is the requirement of social justice and the two basic principles are fairness and justice.Meanwhile,the original state is the basis for addressing all decisions that may drive people to inequality.Compared with the non-historical,non-subjective and abstract nature of liberal theorists' justice theory,Marx's concept of justice is generated from the social reality of concrete history.It takes the liberation of the proletariat and all mankind as the theoretical purpose,and has the triple attributes of sociality,historicity and class.Marx's unique concept of justice shows that Marx's political philosophy has the great power to go deep into the times.