寒旱区露天矿排土场土地复垦成果年际变化分析

Analysis on the inter-annual change of land reclamation results of open-pit dump in cold and arid areas

为了研究露天煤矿排土场土地复垦初期群落演替特征,采用空间代替时间的方法,研究了寒旱区某露天煤矿排土场土地复垦1~4年内群落植被组成、植物多样性、植被盖度及生物量的年际间变化。结果表明:在2020—2022年间排土场中所监测到的植被种类分别为45、72、52种,不同年内植被群落结构组成差异较大;Shannon-Wiener指数在同年7—9月先增加后降低,Simpson指数2020—2021年间总体呈现增加趋势;复垦3年排土场植被盖度最大,达到90.06%;复垦2年生物量最大,达到20.76 t/hm^(2)。

In order to study the characteristics of community succession in the initial stage of land reclamation in the dump of open-pit coal mine.The article uses the method of space instead of time,studies the inter-annual changes of community vegetation composition,plant diversity,vegetation coverage and biomass within 1~4 years of land reclamation in the waste dump of open-pit coal mine in cold and arid areas.The results show that:45,72 and 52 species of vegetation are monitored in the dump of open-pit coal mine from 2020 to 2022.The composition of vegetation community structure varies greatly in different years.The Shannon-Wiener index first increased and then decreased from July to September of the same year.The Simpson index shows an overall increase trend from 2020 to 2021.The vegetation coverage of the waste dump is the largest in three years of reclamation,which reaches 90.06%.The maximum biomass of reclamation in 2 years,which reaches 20.76 t/hm^(2).