马克思道德观批判的三重向度

Three Dimensions of Marx's Criticism of Moral Views

随着历史唯物主义的建构,马克思的道德观批判层层推进,呈现出三重向度:第一,以德国古典哲学为反思对象,批判形而上学道德观,透视道德的生成基础与本质,以实践式道德置换理念式道德;第二,以资本主义主流道德观为抨击对象,批判剥削式道德,揭示资本主义意识形态下道德的阶级性与伪装性,以科学的分析框架代替单纯的道德话语;第三,以各式各样的社会主义思潮为驳斥对象,批判庸俗道德主义,揭露纯粹道德批判的空洞性,以革命的道德观取代抽象的道德说教。马克思在批判中实现了对西方传统道德观的解构与超越,建构起历史唯物主义道德观,澄清其道德观批判的具体语境有助于凸显马克思道德观的本来面貌。

With the construction of historical materialism,Marx's criticism of moral views advanced layer by layer,showing three dimensions:firstly,it takes German classical philosophy as the object of reflection and criticizes metaphysical moral views,and analyses the basis and essence of the generation of morality,and it replaces idealistic morality with practical morality;Secondly,it takes the mainstream capitalist moral views as the object of criticism,and it criticizes the exploitative morality and reveals the class and disguise of morality under the capitalist ideology,and it replaces the simple moral discourse with a scientific analysis framework;thirdly,it criticizes vulgar moralism by refuting various socialist thoughts and exposes the emptiness of pure moral criticism,and it replaces abstract moral preaching with revolutionary morality.Marx realizes the deconstruction and transcendence of the western traditional moral views in his criticism,and he constructs the historical materialism moral view.Clarifying the specific context of his criticism of moral views is helpful to highlight the original appearance of Marx's moral thought.