诺曼·莱文与马克思的哲学人类学

Norman Levine and Marx's Philosophical Anthropology

诺曼·莱文试图在区分“辩证的本质主义”与“形而上学唯物主义”、“多线历史观”与“单线进化图式”、“结构历史主义”与“经济决定论”的基础上,恢复马克思思想的激进、能动与人道“面相”,以此在后“68运动”时代,为左派提供新的理论武器。莱文借贬斥恩格斯来强调普遍的革命意识、积极的实践行动和共产主义的乌托邦指向,希冀在政治经济学—无产阶级的模式之外建立一种主体哲学。然而,这种理论的重建谈劳动却避经济、谈阶级意识却避无产者,最终不免落入一个讲实践但无行动、讲革命但无主体的结局。

Norman Levine once discussed Marx and Engels'differences comprehensively on Marx's ethnological notes.He tried to restore the radical,dynamic and humanitarian dimensions of Marxist thought by distinguishing between dialectical naturalism and metaphysical materialism,theory of multilinear histories and unilinear evolutionary schema,structural historicism and economic determinism in order to provide the left with a new ideological weapon in the post-"68 Movement"era.By berating Engels,Levine emphasized the universal revolutionary consciousness,positive practical action,and utopian orientation of communism,hoping to establish a subjective philosophy outside the political economy-proletariat model.However,the reconstruction of this theory talks about labor but avoids the economy,talks about class consciousness but avoids the proletariat,and ultimately it will inevitably end up in talking about practice but no action,and talking about revolution but no subject.