大数据与产业赋能——基于国家级大数据试验区的分析

Big Data and Urban Innovation:Evidence from a National-Comprehensive Big Data Pilot Area

大数据综合实验区的建设是我国实现数字强国的重要政策抓手,精准评估该政策效应对于优化政策体系、强化产业增长动能和实现经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文将“大数据综合试验区”政策视为准自然实验,并采用2003—2019年中国290个城市的面板数据,采用多种计量方法识别大数据综合试验区的产业赋能效应,得到如下结论:第一,大数据的产业赋能效应主要集中在第二产业,对第一和第三产业的影响不显著。入围大数据综合试验区后,城市工业的附加值含量提高31.52%。第二,大数据对工业部门赋能作用主要增加了国内企业附加值含量,对外资企业的影响不显著。城市入围大数据试验区后,国内工业企业附加值提高10.51%。第三,本文并没有发现大数据政策地理溢出效应,即大数据试验区建设主要体现在增加对本地工业企业附加值含量方面,对毗邻地区的影响尚未显现。第四,机制分析表明,大数据通过资本深化、生产率提升以及增强研发能力实现产业赋能。

The construction of big data integrated test area is an important policy for China to achieve digital power.Accurate evaluation of the policy effect plays an important role on optimizing the policy system,strengthening industrial growth momentum and realizing high-quality economic development.This paper regards the policy of"big data integrated test area"as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the panel data of 290 cities in China from 2003 to 2019 to identify the industrial empowerment efficiency of big data comprehensive experimental zone by a variety of measurement methods.The following conclusions are obtained:first,the industrial empowerment of big data is mainly concentrated on the secondary industry,and the impact on the primary and tertiary industries is not significant.The added value content of urban industry increases by 31.52%after being selected into the big data comprehensive experimental zone.Second,big data empowers the industrial sector mainly by increasing the added value of domestic enterprises,but has no significant impact on foreign industrial enterprises.The added values of domestic industrial enterprises increased by 10.51%after the cities were included in the big data pilot zone.Thirdly,this paper does not find the geographical spillover effect of big data policy,that is,the construction of big data pilot area is mainly reflected in the increase of the added value of local industrial enterprises,and the impact on the surrounding areas has not been shown.Fourth,mechanism analysis shows that big data realizes industries empowerment through capital deepening,productivity improvement,and R&D capabilities enhancing.