面向设计思维培养的建筑类设计课程教学创新

Exploration on Teaching Innovation of Architectural Design Courses Oriented to the Cultivation of Design Thinking

面向建筑类创新型人才培养需求,借鉴斯坦福大学设计学院“设计思维五阶段训练法”,将“共情-定义-构思-原型-测试”模型应用到建筑类设计课程中场地现状与环境认知、设计法规与任务解读、功能布局与空间组合、形式设计与方案生成、指标核算与深化设计等教学环节,融入案例式、互动式、实训式和经验式等适合于设计思维建构的教学方法。以哈尔滨工业大学住区规划设计课程的教学创新实践为例,通过梳理教学中思维建立、思维转换、知识应用、共性培养和方案检验五方面难点问题,探索面向设计思维培养的教学方法与教学过程的融合方式,建立结果性和形成性评价双重维度的学生考评机制从而支撑教学创新过程。

Facing the needs of cultivating innovative talents in architecture,this paper uses the"fivestage training method of design thinking"of Stanford University School of Design for reference,applies the"empathise-define-ideate-prototype-test"model to the teaching links such as site status and environmental cognition,design regulations and task interpretation,functional layout and spatial combination,form design and scheme generation,indicator accounting and deepening design in architectural design courses,and integrates the case-based,interactive,practical and experiential teaching methods which are suitable for the formation of design thinking.Taking the teaching innovation practice of the residential planning and design course of Harbin Institute of Technology as an example,by combing the five difficult problems in teaching,including thinking establishment,thinking transformation,knowledge application,common cultivation and scheme inspection,we explore the integration of teaching methods and teaching processes for the cultivation of design thinking,and establish a student evaluation mechanism with dual dimensions of the result and formation evaluation to support the teaching innovation process.