中国核高等教育的建制化初探

A Preliminary Research on the Institutionalization ofNuclear Higher Education in China

核高等教育是核科技工业的重要支撑,其形成过程深受政治体制、教育政策以及科技工业发展的影响。文章将中国核高等教育建制化分为三个阶段:萌芽期(20世纪初-1954年)、建制的快速起步期(1955-1957年)和建制的发展期(1958-1965年),进而从学科体系、课程设置、师资队伍等方面对各阶段进行了概括和分析。文章认为,我国核高等教育体系由基础与应用并举的理科教育、对口产业链核心的工科教育以及具有核能特色的通用专业教育组成。这一体系是在国家意志和专业教育思想双重作用下、通过自上而下的行政指令在极短时间里迅速建立而成的。

Nuclear higher education is an important component of the nuclear science and technology industry.Its establishment is deeply affected by the political system,the educational policy and the development of science and technology industry.This article argues there are three stages of the institutionalization of Chinese nuclear higher education:the embryonic stage(early 20th century-1954),the rapid start stage(1955-1957)and the development stage(1958-1965).Furthermore,it summarizes and analyzes the features of each stage from the discipline system,curriculum and faculty,etc.It holds that Chinese nuclear higher education system composes of three parts:the science education which focuses on both basic and applied research;the engineering education which is aimed at the core of the industry chain;and the general professional education with nuclear energy characteristics.The rapid establishment of this education system is attributed to the administrative instructions under the influence of the national will as well as professional education thoughts.