设施葡萄延迟栽培模式下需冷量、需热量研究

Study on Cooling Capacity and Heat Demand Under Delayed Cultivation Mode of Facility Grape

以宁夏地区设施延迟栽培的8个葡萄品种为试材,采用犹他模型和2种需热量估算模型估算需冷量和需热量,研究了设施葡萄延迟栽培模式下8个葡萄品种连续2年打破休眠过程中的需冷量、需热量以及需热量与需冷量、温度变化与需冷量的相关性,以期为温度在延迟栽培模式下对葡萄休眠解除的作用提供参考依据。结果表明:在设施延迟栽培模式下,犹他模型估算的8个葡萄品种2年内的需冷量介于75.36~392.41 C.U,生长度小时模型和有效积温模型估算的8个葡萄品种的需热量分别介于8820~12096 GDH℃和64.80~140.22 D℃。需冷量与生长度小时模型估算的需热量之间呈显著负相关,与有效积温模型估算的需热量之间呈正相关,但无显著差异。需冷量与昼夜温差和>20℃气温累计时数均呈极显著负相关关系。综上所述,在设施延迟栽培模式下,变温和高温的积累时数是葡萄打破休眠的主要温度因素。

Eight grape varieties under delayed cultivation in facilities in the Ningxia region were used as test material.The Utah model and two heat demand estimation models were used to estimate the cooling and heat demand.The cooling and heating requirements and the correlation between heat demand and cold demand,temperature change and cold demand of eight grape varieties in the process of breaking dormancy for two consecutive years under the delayed cultivation mode of facility grapes were investigated,in order to provide reference for the role of temperature in the release of dormancy in grapes under a delayed cultivation model.The results showed that under the delayed cultivation mode,the Utah model estimated the cold requirement of the eight grape varieties within two years ranged from 75.36 C.U to 392.41 C.U.The heat requirement of the eight grape varieties estimated by the length hour model and the effective accumulated temperature model ranged from 8 820 GDH ℃ to 12 096 GDH ℃ and 64.80 D ℃ to 140.22 D ℃,respectively.There was a significant negative correlation between the cooling requirement and the heat requirement estimated by the growth length hour model,and a positive correlation between the cooling requirement and the heat requirement estimated by the effective accumulated temperature model,but there was no significant difference.There was a significant negative correlation between the cooling requirement and the temperature difference between day and night and the cumulative hours of 20 ℃.In summary,under the delayed cultivation mode of facilities,the accumulation hours of variable temperature and high temperature were the main temperature factors for grapes to break dormancy.