基于熵权法的宅基地空间布局适宜性评价及优化策略研究——以鲹鱼河镇为例

Suitability Evaluation and Optimization Strategy of Homestead Spatial Layout Based on Entropy Weight Method—Taking Trevally River Town as an Example

农村宅基地的优化布局问题,是当前国内外研究的热点问题之一。首先对国内外有关宅基地优化布局的相关文献进行了梳理和评述,在此基础上,提出了宅基地空间布局适宜性评价是个动态评价过程,并构建了农村宅基地空间布局适宜性评价及优化策略的理论体系。以鲹鱼河镇为例,从耕作半径、生态保护、交通区位、经济区位、空间热点、空间密度、气候(高程)、坡度、地质灾害和污染10个角度,通过构建基于熵权法的宅基地空间布局适宜性评价模型,对鲹鱼河镇农村宅基地的适宜性进行了评价。最后,提出以下策略优化:至少乡镇一级内部应该突破现有的宅基地法律制度限制,构建乡镇一级的宅基地基准地价体系,通过市场机制,鼓励农民逐步把宅基地从不适宜区和一般适宜区向高适宜区集聚,从而降低政府的农村基础设施配套成本,提高农村宅基地的集约节约利用水平。

The optimal layout of rural homestead is one of the hot issues at home and abroad.Firstly,this paper combs and comments on the relevant literature on the optimal layout of homestead at home and abroad,on this basis,it is proposed that the suitability evaluation of homestead spatial layout is a dynamic evaluation process,and the theoretical system of suitability evaluation and optimization strategy of rural homestead spatial layout is constructed.Taking Trevally River Town as an example,the suitability of rural homestead in Trevally River Town was evaluated by constructing the suitability evaluation model of homestead spatial layout based on entropy weight method from ten perspectives:farming radius,ecological protection,traffic location,economic location,spatial hot spots,spatial density,climate(elevation),slope,geological disasters and pollution.Finally,propose the following optimization strategies:At least within the township level,we should break through the limitations of the existing legal system of homestead,build the benchmark land price system of homestead at the township level,and encourage farmers to gather homestead from unsuitable areas and general suitable areas to high suitable areas through the market mechanism,so as to reduce the supporting cost of rural infrastructure and improve the intensive and economical utilization level of rural homestead.