中国海洋经济发展存在“资源诅咒”效应吗?

Is There A"Resource Curse Effect"in China's Ocean Economy Development?

在提出广义资源诅咒概念的基础上,构建地区海洋资源禀赋测量指标体系,仿照区位熵方法算得11个沿海地区海洋经济资源依赖系数,并依此将各地分为海洋资源利用高效区及低效区,检验各区域广义海洋资源诅咒的存在性及其可能原因。结果显示:1996-2016年间,广东等5地海洋资源利用效率较高,而辽宁等6地海洋资源利用效率较低;海洋资源诅咒效应在全国层面尚不明显,但在低效区较为显著。直接原因是低效区海洋资源禀赋抑制了其海洋资本、劳动力和科技创新对海洋经济增长的正向作用,同时强化了产业结构高级化和区域开放度的负向作用。深层原因是低效区经济实力和科技创新能力偏弱造成海洋资源型产业业态低端锁定所致。结论有助于科学认识海洋资源对海洋经济发展的基础性作用。建议各地应加强合作,着力海洋科技创新和海洋产业业态升级,以规避海洋资源利用低效陷阱。

The concept of"generalized resource curse"is introduced in this article and the marine resource dependent coefficients(MRC)of each coastal region of China's mainland are calculated,and based on which the 11 coastal regions are classified into two groups:the 5 regions as Guangdong etc.are grouped into the high efficiency area and the other 6 regions as Liaoning etc.are grouped into the low efficiency area.Then,econometric models are developed to find the influential direction and effect of regional marine resource abundance on their ocean economy growth to test the significance of effect of"generalized marine resource curse"and the possible causes.The results show that:the effect of marine resource curse is not yet obvious at the national level,but is more significant in the low efficiency area.And the direct reason is that the marine resource abundance constraints the positive effect on the growth of ocean economy from the control variables as capital,labor and technological innovation and strengthens the negative effect from the openness and industrial structure optimization.The deeper reason is that the weak economic strength and scientific and technological innovation capacity of the low efficiency area cause the low-end locking of marine resource-based industrial industry.These conclusions are very helpful for people to understand the basic role of marine resource and the possible negative influence on the development of ocean economy properly.Some suggestions are introduced to avoid the trap of marine resource curse as follows:the central and regional governments of China should focus on the cooperation with each other and stimulate the innovation of marine science and technology and the upgrading of the marine industry format.