企业价值链智能化对全要素生产率的影响

Impact of Enterprise Value Chain Intelligence on Total Factor Productivity

从技术创新和企业价值链的双重视角出发,基于2007年到2019年中国上市公司数据,分析了人工智能应用对全要素生产率所产生的影响。总体而言,人工智能应用对全要素生产率产生了显著且正向的影响。从技术创新视角来看,人工智能应用能够通过促进技术创新来实现全要素生产率的提升;人工智能应用对大企业、高技术企业的技术创新促进效应更为显著,因而这些企业的全要素生产率提升效应更大。进一步结合企业价值链视角来看,人工智能在研发设计、生产制造、市场营销等价值链环节的应用也均通过技术创新显著地提升了全要素生产率,并且市场营销智能化的技术创新效应更大一些,从而带来更为明显的全要素生产率提升效应;对于价值链为生产者驱动型的产业,研发设计、生产制造环节的人工智能应用更能通过技术创新促进企业全要素生产率的提升;对于价值链为购买者驱动型的产业,市场营销智能化的全要素生产率提升效应更大,这也主要是因为市场营销智能化具有显著的技术创新效应。研究的政策启示是,政府部门要着力构建促进企业全价值链智能化发展的政策体系,同时针对不同产业领域企业智能化转型需求的重点,分行业出台企业智能化转型指导方案。

The current literature mainly discusses the impact of the overall application of artificial intelligence(AI)in industries or enterprises on total factor productivity,ignoring the impact of the application of AI in specific value chains on total factor productivity.Therefore,with the help of the annual reports of listed companies,this paper innovatively constructs the measurement indicators of AI application in the value chain,so as to study the effect and mechanism of AI application on total factor productivity based on the micro data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2019 from the dual perspectives of enterprise value chain and technological innovation.The empirical research results show that,in general,the application of AI has a significant and positive impact on total factor productivity.After replacing the key variable measurement and handling endogeneity,this conclusion remains robust.From the perspective of technological innovation,AI application can improve total factor productivity by promoting technological innovation.The application of AI has a more significant promoting effect on technological innovation in large and high tech enterprises,thus the overall productivity improvement effect of these enterprises is greater.From the perspective of enterprise technology innovation and value chain,the application of AI in the value chain links such as R&D design,production and manufacturing,and marketing also significantly improves total factor productivity through technological innovation.The marketing process will generate large-scale customer data.The application of AI in marketing can help enterprises to more fully mine customer data,form data-driven technological innovation,and bring more significant Total factor productivity improvement effect.According to the different leading links in the value chain,this paper divides the value chain into producer driven value chain and buyer driven value chain.For industries whose value chain is producer driven,the application of AI in R&D,design and production can promote the improvement of total factor productivity of enterprises through technological innovation.For an industry whose value chain is buyer driven,the total factor productivity improvement effect of marketing intelligence is greater,which is also mainly because marketing intelligence has a significant technological innovation effect.The policy inspiration of this study is that government departments should focus on building a policy system to promote the intelligent development of the entire value chain of enterprises.The needs and priorities for the intelligent development of different industries are heterogeneous.Therefore,government departments need to formulate guidance plans for enterprise intelligent transformation by industry based on the key needs of enterprise intelligent transformation in different industrial fields,form a roadmap for the full value chain intelligent transformation of key industry enterprises,and coordinate and promote the implementation of various work.