不同地膜栽培模式对烟叶产质量及土壤理化特性的影响

Effects of Different Plastic Film Cultivation Patterns on Yield and Quality of Tobacco and Physicochemical Properties of Soil

为探讨烤烟不同地膜栽培模式在生产实际中的效果,采用田间对比试验,研究了全生育期不揭膜、团棵期揭膜、现蕾打顶时揭膜、降解地膜等方式对土壤理化性质和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,烤烟农艺性状及干物质积累与地膜揭膜时间、地膜种类密切相关,不揭膜或迟揭膜处理影响烟株生长发育。团棵期揭膜、降解地膜比不揭膜烟叶产量和产值显著提高,产量分别提高10.66%、7.38%,产值分别增加11690.46元/hm^(2)、8940.77元/hm^(2);揭膜或采用降解地膜覆盖,烟叶各化学成分协调性更好,烟叶内在品质有所改善。与不揭膜相比,揭膜或降解地膜处理的土壤容重显著降低,降幅在6.33%~9.15%,团棵期揭膜处理土壤硬度降低11.59%。整个生育期不揭膜处理土壤碱解氮呈“W”变化趋势,其他处理移栽后30 d土壤碱解氮最高,然后随着生育期推进趋于平缓。随着生育期推进不揭膜处理土壤氯离子含量变化不明显,其他3个处理揭膜或膜降解后土壤氯离子含量下降,其中,团棵期揭膜处理采烤结束比不揭膜土壤氯离子含量降低38.55%。综合比较,以团棵期揭膜对土壤理化性质和烟叶产质量效果最好。

In order to discuss the effects of different plastic film mulch methods of flue-cured tobacco in production,the field comparison experiment was conducted,studying the effects of unremoved the film during the whole growth period,removed the film at the resettling stage,removed the film at the topping stage,and degradable plastic film mulching on the physicochemical properties of soil,yield and quality of tobacco.The results indicated that the agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco were closely related to the mulching time and the type of mulching film.The unremoved or removed film in late growth period treatment affects the growth and development of tobacco plants.Removed the film at the resettling stage and degradable plastic film mulching treatment significantly increased the yield and output value of the tobacco leaf compared to unremoved the film,the output increased by 10.66%and 7.38%respectively,and the output value increased by 11690.46 yuan/ha and 8940.77 yuan/ha respectively;the mulch removed or using the degradable plastic film mulching could make the better coordination for the tobacco chemical components,and improve the internal quality of the tobacco.Compared with unremoved the film,the soil bulk density of the mulch-removed or degrading mulch treatment was significantly reduced,with a decrease of 6.33%-9.15%,and the soil hardness of the mulch-removed treatment at the resettling stage decreased by 11.59%.The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen showed a"W"change trend under unremoved the film during the whole growth period.The soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen was the highest at 30 days after transplanting under the other treatments,and then gradually flattened as the development of growth period.With the development of the growth period,the soil chloride content had no significantly change under unremoved the film treatment,and the soil chloride content decreased under the other removed or degraded the film treatments,compared to unremoved the mulch,removing mulch at the resettling stage with ending the production process could reduce the content of soil chloride ion by 38.55%.By the comprehensive comparison,removing mulch at the resettling stage has the best effect on the soil physicochemical properties and tobacco leaf yield and quality.