基于DEA模型的黑龙江省不同规模奶牛养殖生产效率研究

Research on Production Efficiency of Dairy Cows of Different Scales in Heilongjiang Province Based on DEA Model

奶牛养殖环节身处奶业产业最上游,是产业的根基与命脉,奶牛养殖业是中国畜牧业的支柱产业。本研究根据《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》中黑龙江省奶牛养殖相关成本收益数据,利用DEA模型方法,测算2008~2018年黑龙江省四种奶牛养殖规模的生产效率,通过分析其综合生产技术效率及其分解项、规模收益和投入冗余程度得出结论:黑龙江省当前奶牛养殖效率排名为中规模>大规模>小规模>散养模式;散户在饲料投入和费用投入方面冗余较严重,中规模冗余程度较低,大规模主要在费用方面出现了冗余,小规模养殖冗余程度仅低于散养模式。总体来说,黑龙江省奶牛养殖产业仍有待提高并有很大发展空间,因此需要根据不同养殖规模提出针对性的对策意见,规模意识和效率意识对散户和小规模养殖来说尤为重要,大中规模养殖则更需要注重管理效率,从而减少养殖投入冗余,从根本上增加养殖场经济效益,促进黑龙江省向畜牧强省发展。

The dairy farming sector is at the base of the dairy industry and is the foundation and lifeline of the industry.The dairy farming industry is an essential subset of China's animal husbandry.Based on the data on the related costs and benefits of dairy farming in Heilongjiang Province from the"Compilation of National Agricultural Product Cost and Benefit Data",this paper uses the DEA model method to study the production efficiency of four dairy cow farming scales in Heilongjiang Province from 2008 to 2018,and analyzes its comprehensive production technical efficiency and the decomposition items,returns to scale,and the degree of redundancy of input are concluded,the present efficiency ranking of dairy farming in Heilongjiang Province is ordered as mid-scale,large-scale,smallscale,and free-ranging;individual investors have significant redundancies in input of feed and cost.The degree of redundancy in the medium-scale is relatively low,and the redundancy in the large-scale is mainly in terms of costs,and the redundancy of the small-scale aquaculture is only lower than that of the free-range mode.Generally speaking,the dairy farming industry in Heilongjiang Province still needs to be improved and has a lot of room for development.Therefore,it is necessary to propose targeted strategies according to different farming scales.For individual and small-scale farming,the consciousness of scale and efficiency is particularly important.Large-scale breeding needs to pay more attention to management efficiency,so as to reduce the redundancy of breeding investment,fundamentally increase the economic benefits of breeding farms,and promote the development of Heilongjiang Province into a strong animal husbandry province.