基于熵权法的枢纽内公交站场布局评价研究

Evaluation of Bus Station Layouts in Transportation Hub Based on Entropy Weight Method

铁路交通枢纽内的公交站场普遍面临运行压力较大的问题,公交站场的布局形式影响整个铁路交通枢纽的运行效率和服务品质。在规划初期,应快速准确判断效率最快的公交站场布局方式。本文通过构建布局评价体系来准确有效地筛选效率更快的布局方式。针对铁路交通枢纽内的公交站场承担着快速疏导大量乘客的作用,建立公交站场布局评价体系,选取4个评价指标:换乘完成时间、单位时间换乘量、乘客平均换乘时间及车辆平均蓄车时间。通过模拟仿真方法获取不同公交站场布局方式的相应参数,计算评价指标值。在熵权法的基础上,通过引入修正系数克服公交站场中服务设施密度不同导致的运行效率差异问题,对通过模拟所得到的指标数据进行赋权计算,得到布局方式综合评价值。最后,以3种常见的布局方式(环绕式、指廊式及通道式)为例进行评价。通过布局体系评价,得到在不同乘客数量和发车频次下运行效率最快的布局方式。当乘客数量较少,发车频率较低时,环绕式效率最高。当乘客数量较大且发车频率较高时,通道式效率最高。其余情况为指廊式效率最高。公交站场布局方式评价体系为铁路交通枢纽中公交站场布局方式的选择提供了评价方法,可以为规划者在规划初期提供一定的参考。

Bus stations in railway transportation hubs often operate under great pressure due to handling large passenger demand in short time.The layout of bus stations affects the operating efficiency and service quality of the entire transportation hub.In the early stage of planning,constructing layout evaluation system can help to identify effective bus station layout and improve the operation efficiency.This paper proposes a bus stop layout evaluation system which includes four performance measures for operation evaluation:transfer completion time,transfer volume per unit time,average transfer time of passengers,and average storage time of vehicles.The parameters of different bus station layout were obtained through the simulation method to calculate the value of the evaluation measures.To overcome the difference in operation efficiency caused by the different density of service facilities,the entropy weight method is used and a correction coefficient is introduced.The index data obtained through the simulation is weighted to get the comprehensive evaluation value of the layout.Finally,three typical bus station layouts were analyzed,including encirclement,corridor and passageway.The layout with the highest operating efficiency under different passenger demands and bus departure frequency were obtained.The wraparound layout is found to be the most efficient when the passenger demand and the bus departure frequency are low.When passenger demand and the bus departure frequency are high,the passageway layout is the most efficient.In other cases,the corridor layout is the most efficient.The evaluation system of bus stop and yard layout provides an evaluation method for the selection of bus stop and yard layout in railway transportation hubs.It provides reference for planners in organizing the transportation hubs with bus stations.