城轨控流方案与列车开行频率及票价一体化优化方法

An Integrated Optimization Method of Urban Rail Line Service Frequency and Ticket Price with Passenger Flow Control

为缓解城市轨道交通线路客流时空分布不均衡问题,提高乘客服务水平和企业运营效益,本文提出多时段城轨控流方案与列车开行频率及票价一体化优化方法。构建双层规划模型,上层模型以社会福利最大化为优化目标,以多时段列车开行频率、票价率及控流方案为决策变量;下层模型描述一体化优化方案下乘客的出行选择行为,构建基于弹性需求的多时段随机客流分配模型。设计嵌套Logit随机用户客流分配方法的遗传算法求解模型,基于实际线路进行算例分析,验证模型与算法的有效性。算例结果表明:通过对各运营时段列车开行频率、票价率及控流方案进行一体化优化,能够降低高峰时段客流量,均衡不同运营时段内的出行需求,缓解线路客流时空分布不均衡现象;优化城轨票价能够吸引更多潜在客流需求,使企业票价收入提升11.81%,消费者剩余提高5.94%;优化列车开行频率可以提高列车运输能力利用水平,使企业运营成本降低8.11%;同时,实施控流方案可以进一步提升乘客服务水平和企业效益。因此,本文所提方法可为城轨列车开行方案与票价及控流方案的协同制定提供理论基础。

This paper proposes a multi-period integrated optimization method for passenger flow control,service frequency,and ticket price for an urban rail transit(URT)line to alleviate the unbalanced distribution of passenger flow in URT lines,and thus improve the passenger service level and operation benefit of enterprises.A bi-level optimization model is constructed,with the upper model aiming to maximize social welfare through the integrated optimization of multi-period service frequency,fare rate,and passenger flow control scheme.The lower model describes the travel choice behavior of passengers under the integrated optimization scheme and constructs a multi-period stochastic passenger assignment model based on elastic demand.A genetic algorithm with a nested Logit method of passenger assignment is designed to solve the model.A numerical example is carried out based on an actual URT line to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.The results demonstrate that:the proposed method can reduce peak-hour demand,balance travel demand in different periods,alleviate uneven distribution of passenger flow in time and space;the optimization of ticket price can attract more potential travel demand,and increases the fare revenue of enterprises by 11.81%and the consumer surplus by 5.94%;optimize service frequency can improve the utilization level of transportation capacity and reduce operating costs by 8.11%.At the same time,the implementation of the passenger flow control scheme can further improve the service level and enterprise revenue.Therefore,the proposed method can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of the URT train operation plan,ticket price,and passenger flow control scheme.