教师禁令:英国教师职业道德失范处理法律机制

Teacher Prohibition:The Legal Mechanism for Dealing with Teacher Ethics MisconductintheUK

英国自20世纪90年代起全面加强教师问责制度建设,2012年修订的《英格兰教师标准》确立起教师职业行为准则体系,为教师问责提供了专业标准。英国教师禁令制度是教师职业道德失范处理的核心法律机制。教师禁令制度依托主管机构教学监管局实施,内容包括层次递进的三类实体决策标准与完备的程序适用规则,最终结果有证据不足、不予禁令和给予禁令(附期限)三种决定。基于典型案例的考察得知,教师禁令制度的司法化程度较高,其运行机理包括:围绕教师职业规范对师德失范行为进行界定,通过调查形成清晰的证据链,准用民事诉讼证明标准,并进行充分的事实认定阐释和处理结果相关与不相关因素的考量,实现说明理由的充足性与权益保障的平衡性。英国教师禁令制度在师德失范立法规范的完整性与系统性、处理过程的程序化与协同化,以及处理结果的合理性与平衡性等方面具有借鉴意义。

Since the 1990s,the UK has comprehensively strengthened the construction of teacher accountability systems.The 2012 English Teacher Standards established a system of professional conduct standards for teachers,providing professional standards for teacher accountability.The teacher ban system in the UK is a core measure and legal mechanism for dealing with misconduct in teacher ethics.At the level of the legal system framework,the teacher ban system relies on professional regulatory agencies(TRA)for implementation.In terms of content,there are three types of progressive entity decision-making standards and complete procedural application rules.At the result level,there are three types:insufficient evidence,no ban,and granting ban(with a deadline).Based on the investigation of typical cases,it is found that the judicial level of the teacher ban system is relatively high.Its operating mechanism includes defining the misconduct of teacher ethics around the professional standards of teachers,forming a clear evidence chain through investigation,applying civil litigation proof standards,and conducting sufficient factual identification and considering relevant and unrelated factors in handling the results,achieving a balance between the sufficiency of reasons and the protection of rights and interests.The UK teacher ban system has reference significance in the completeness and systematicity of legislative norms for teacher ethics misconduct,the procedural and collaborative handling process,and the rationality and balance of the handling results.