澳大利亚“工作型”路径教师教育实践研究

A Study on the Practice of Employment-based Teacher Education in Australia

为给薄弱学校培养高质量教师,澳大利亚探索出“工作型”路径的教师教育,有别于传统“学院型”教师教育。在薄弱学校遭遇教育困境、国内教师供给改革和国际经验带动等背景下,澳大利亚“工作型”路径主张将高质量生源放在薄弱学校进行田野培养,满足当地学校所需,并尽可能保持较长时间。在实践路径上,澳大利亚在招生、培养、中途退出或毕业、评估四个方面采取多维举措,并形成特色。其特征表现在:由公益组织牵头承载政府意愿,基于“程序正义”严控生源起点,引导学生在具体工作中深度学习,在教育系统与教育结果上产生双重影响。“工作型”路径追求立足学校田野的多元参与,为澳大利亚教师教育带来新面貌。

In order to cultivate high-quality teachers for weak schools,Australia has explored a"employmentbased"approach to teacher education,which is different from the traditional"college-based"approach.Against the backdrop of educational difficulties in weak schools,domestic teacher supply reform,and the drive of international experience,the"employment-based"approach in Australia advocates placing high-quality students in weak schools for field training,meeting the needs of local schools and maintaining them for as long as possible.In terms of practical path,Australia gains its own characteristics by adopting multidimensional measures in four aspects:enrollment,training,dropout or graduation,and evaluation.The main characteristics are as follows:Non-profit organization takes a lead in carrying the government's will;strictly controlling the source of students based on"procedural justice';guiding students to deep learning in the"employment"scenario and having an impact on both education system and educational outcomes.The"employment-based"approach pursues diversified participation based on school fields,and creates a new example for teacher education in Australia.