从外部治理到内部运行:自动化行政研究的转向及其展望

The Turns and Prospects of Research on Automation Administration From External Governance to Internal Operation

自动化行政有助于提升行政运行效率,但也产生了诸多负外部效应。既有研究往往将其负外部效应的根源归结为算法技术的不透明性与机器学习的不确定性,并据此提出规制治理之策,一定程度上忽视了智能算法技术对行政体系内部运行规则的影响及其与负外部效应的关联。自动化行政对行政体系内部运行规则的影响,在宏观层面表现为科层制运行的数字化及其对行政组织运行的结构性重塑;中观层面表现为绩效考核等内部控制体系的智能化及其对行政主体的全景式规训;微观层面表现为人机协同自由裁量剩余控制权虚置及其引发的负外部效应。基于内外部关联的视角,应以过程维度科层体系内部控制机制的智能化为突破口,调适全景式规训与适应性行政之间的张力关系。

Automatic administration helps to improve the efficiency of administrative operation,but it also produces a lot of negative external effects.Existing studies often attribute the root causes of its negative external effects to the opacity of algorithm technology and the uncertainty of machine learning,and regulate governance accordingly.To a certain extent,it ignores the impact of intelligent algorithm technology on the internal operating rules of the administrative regime and its relationship with negative external effects.The influence of automatic administration on the internal operation rules of the administrative system is manifested in the platform of the hierarchical operation and the structural reshaping of the operation of the administrative organization at the macro level;at the meso level,it is shown as the intelligence of the internal control system such as performance appraisal and its panoramic discipline to the administrative subject;The micro level is represented by the virtual residual control right of man-machine cooperative discretion and its negative external effects.Based on the perspective of internal and external relevance,we should take the intelligence of the internal control mechanism of the process dimension system as a break through to adjust the tension relationship between panoramic discipline and adaptive administration.