人工湿地处理川西北散户农村生活污水的应用研究

Study on the Application of Constructed Wetland to the Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage from Scattered Households in Northwest Sichuan

景观型人工湿地用于处理川西北生态示范区散户农村生活污水,以补充河道生态需水和减少农村环境污染。选择在阿坝州茂县十里沟村开展现场示范应用研究,底部曝气、美人蕉与西伯利亚鸢尾等搭配种植、冬季搭建保温棚等应用于本湿地。连续7个月监测湿地进出水COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN、TP等指标,分析其对当地生活污水的处理效果,考察低温运行时,西伯利亚鸢尾等4种植物在丙二醛(MDA)含量、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)还原量、酶活力等方面的响应情况。结果表明,COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN和TP夏季去除率为85.07%±2.59%、97.21%±1.33%、82.30%±3.37%和65.78%±1.55%,冬季较夏季分别下降18.57%、8.14%、11.35%和7.55%。出水COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N和TP基本能达到《地表水环境质量标准GB3838-2002》的Ⅴ类水质标准。低温下(4~9℃),美人蕉表现出较高的根系活力和污染物去除潜力,更低温度下(-3~5℃),西伯利亚鸢尾适应性、根际脲酶和磷酸酶活性较高。连续7个月的实际污水处理效果验证了景观型人工湿地处理该区域散户农村生活污水的适用性,对该类地区农村生活污水处理具指导意义和推广价值。

Landscape constructed wetland is used to treat the scattered rural domestic sewage in the northwest ecological demonstration area of Sichuan,to supplement the ecological water demand of the river and reduce the rural environmental pollution.The site demonstration and application research was carried out in Shiligou Village,Maoxian County,Aba Prefecture.Aeration at the bottom,plantings of canna and Siberian iris,and building a thermal shelter in winter were applied in the wetland.CODcrv NH+-N、TN、TP and other indicators in and out of wetland water were monitored for 7 months to analyze their treatment effects on local domestic sewage.Meanwhile,the response of siberian iris,canna,radix ophiopogonis and white iris on MDA content,TTC reduction and enzyme activity under low temperature were investigated.The results showed that the removal rates of C0Dc NH-N,TN and TP were 85.07%±2.59%,97.21%±1.33%,82.30%±3.37%and 65.78%±1.55%in summer,which decreased by 18.57%,8.14%,11.35%and 7.55%in winter compared with summer,respectively.The effluent CODcr~NH+-N and TP can basically meet the class V of the surface water environmental quality standard(GB3838-2002).At low temperatures(4~9℃),Canna showed higher root activity and pollutant removal potential.At lower temperatures(-3~5℃),Siberian iris showed stronger adaptability,rhizosphere urease and phosphatase activity.The actual sewage Treatment effect in 7 consecutive months has verified the applicability of the landscape constructed wetland treatment mode to treat the scattered rural domestic sewage in this area,which has guiding significance and popularization value for the treatment of rural domestic sewage in this region.