济南市大气PM_(2.5)中重金属污染特征及健康风险评估

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM_(2.5)in Jinan City

为了研究济南市大气PM_(2.5)中重金属的污染特征及其对健康风险影响,在济南市市区选取4个采样点于2020年4~12月采集PM_(2.5)有效样品152个,利用ICP-AES和ICP-MS对18种元素进行了定量分析。结果表明,大气中PM_(2.5)质量浓度范围为11~202μg/m^(3),年平均值为50μg/m^(3),污染相对较重;Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Tl、Pb富集因子大于10,特别是冬季Cd、Sb、Zn、As、Pb等4种元素富集因子均大于400,富集显著;大气PM_(2.5)中重金属主要来源于机动车、燃煤、工业活动和土壤扬尘;通过呼吸途径摄入人体的重金属非致癌风险较低,Cr、As存在潜在致癌风险。结果对明晰大气PM_(2.5)中重金属污染特征及其对健康风险的影响具有重要意义,也为济南市大气污染防治工作提供了技术参考。

In order to study the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Jinan City and its impact on health risk,a total of 152 effective PM_(2.5)samples were collected from 4 sampling sites in Jinan City during April-December 2020,and 18 elements were quantitatively analyzed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS.The results showed that the PM_(2.5)mass concentration in the atmosphere ranges from 1l to 202μg/m^(3),with an annual average of 50μg/m^(3),and the pollution is relatively heavy.The enrichment factors of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd,Sn,Sb,Tl and Pb are more than 10,especially in winter,the enrichment factors of Cd,Sb,Zn,As and Pb are more than 400,indicating significant enrichment.Heavy metals in atmospheric PM2.5 mainly come from motor vehicles,coal burning,industrial activities and soil dust.The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals ingested through respiratory pathway is low,and Cr and As have potential carcinogenic risk.The results have important significance for clarifying the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric PM_(2.5)and its impact on health risks,and also provide a technical reference for air pollution prevention and control in Jinan City.