高密度建成环境与成人肥胖关系的研究现状、启示与展望

Research status,inspiration and prospects on the relationship between the high density built environment and obesity

优化建成环境是预防肥胖、提升人口健康水平的重要策略。密度作为最常见的建成环境要素,与肥胖的关系近年来受到了重点关注。然而,鉴于密度与肥胖关系的研究在我国才刚刚起步,尚不明晰两者的关联,若盲目采取密度调控的措施,可能直接影响健康城市规划的成效,不利于健康中国战略的推进。因此,迫切需要厘清密度与肥胖的关系以丰富我国城乡规划学和城市地理学相关理论,并为健康城市建设提供理论支撑。为此,基于系统综述的方法,从研究区域、发表时间与数量、变量选择、研究设计、模型设置、实证结果等方面对密度与成人肥胖的关系进行详细梳理,在充分把握研究现状后,发现密度与肥胖存在潜在的U型关系规律,并提出未来研究应加强对中国情境的关注、识别因果关联和全方位测度密度和肥胖等重要问题。

Optimizing the built environment is an important strategy to prevent obesity and improve health level of the population.Density is the most common factor among built environment elements and the relationship between it and obesity has attracted much attention in recent years.However,given that research on the relationship between density and obesity has just started in China,this relationship is not yet clear.If density planning measures are blindly adopted,it might directly affect the effectiveness of healthy city planning and be detrimental to the promotion of the Healthy China Strategy.Therefore,it is urgent to clarify the relationship between density and obesity in order to enrich the relevant theories of urban and rural planning and urban geography in China and provide theoretical support for the construction of healthy cities.For this reason,based on the systematic review approach,this article reviews the relationship between population density and obesity from the aspects of research areas,publication time and quantity,variable selections,research designs,model settings,empirical results,etc.After fully grasping the current research status,this review finds a potential U-shaped relationship between density and obesity,and proposes that future research should strengthen attention to the Chinese context,identification of causal relationships,and comprehensive measurement of density and obesity and other important issues.