美国健康交通规划管理经验与启示

Experience and insights from planning and management ofhealthy transportation in the United States

以小汽车为主的机动化交通模式在全球范围内产生了一系列的负面影响,如空气污染、能源消耗、交通伤害、静态生活方式和人口肥胖、糖尿病患者增加等。健康交通不仅能够改善现有交通系统中的伤亡,还具有创造健康社会环境、提高公众身体素质等复合健康价值。美国较早在健康交通的规划、建设和管理等方面开展实践,形成了一套相对成熟的体系。研究对美国健康交通的发展政策、规划体系和管理模式进行梳理,通过相关案例归纳、阐释其特点与经验,以期为中国城市交通的健康可持续发展提供借鉴与启示。

Motorised transport modes,dominated by small cars,have a range of negative impacts globally,such as air pollution,energy consumption,traffic injuries,static lifestyles and an increase in obesity and diabetes in the population.Healthy transportation not only improves casualties in the existing transportation system but also has compounding health values such as creating a healthy social environment and improving public health.The United States has developed a relatively mature system for the planning,construction and management of healthy transportation.The development policies,planning systems and management models of healthy transportation in the United States are reviewed,and their characteristics and experiences are summarised and explained through relevant case studies,with a view to providing inspiration for the healthy and sustainable development of urban transportation in China.