乡村旅游地居民生计变迁机制研究——以婺源江湾镇居民为例的“起点—动力”模型

Study on the mechanism of livelihood change of residents in rural tourism areas--Origin Point-dynamical model with residents of Jiangwan Town,Wuyuan,China

乡村地区发展旅游业,大量当地居民参与到旅游业中成为旅游从业者,居民的生计发展已经和旅游业密不可分。本文选取了婺源江湾作为案例地,根据实地访谈调研数据进行质性分析,基于可持续生计理论和计划行为理论,构建乡村旅游地居民生计变迁“起点——动力”模型,探究乡村旅游地居民生计变迁背后的机制。研究发现“脆弱性背景和制度管理”作为外部条件与居民“生计资本”共同构成乡村旅游地居民生计变迁的“起点”;而居民“行为意愿”作为内驱力构成生计变迁的“动力”。居民的生计方式在起点和动力的共同作用下,会随乡村旅游发展做出调整,形成新的生计策略,从而使居民生计发生变迁。

The growth of tourism in rural areas has led to a significant increase in the number of local residents who are now actively participating in the tourism industry as practitioners.The well-being and livelihoods of these residents have become closely intertwined with the development of the tourism sector.This study focuses on the case of Wuyuan Jiangwan and employs qualitative analysis through field interviews and research data.Drawing from the concepts of sustainable livelihoods and the theory of planned behavior,a model titled"Origin Point-Dynamical"is constructed to investigate the factors driving changes in residents'livelihoods within rural tourism.The findings of this study reveal that the vulnerability background and institutional management within rural tourism areas differ from those in non-tourism rural areas.The"origin point"of livelihood change in rural tourism is found to be comprised of external conditions,such as the vulnerability background and institutional management,as well as residents'"livelihood capital."Furthermore,residents'"behavioral willingness"is identified as the internal driving force for initiating livelihood change.The interplay between the origin point and the driving force results in the adjustment of residents'livelihood strategies in response to the development of rural tourism,ultimately leading to changes in their livelihoods.The outcomes of this study emphasize a"people-centered"perspective on rural development,and offer valuable insights for guiding the implementation of tourism policies.This includes promoting local employment,attracting investment,and formulating relevant employment policies to uplift local residents from poverty and achieve rural revitalization.