对比语言学研究的多因素转向

The multifactorial turn in contrastive linguistics

共同对比基础的确立和语言间的形义配对复杂性是对比语言学研究面临的两大基本问题。基于使用的多因素定量研究,为上述问题提供了新的解决途径。本文首先简要论证了对比语言学与定量研究之间的关系,指出了语料库结合下的可比性解决方案,然后从发散性多义和多形出发,运用典型对比案例展示了当今对比研究的多因素分析路径及其优势所在,指出多因素对比研究对形义内在关系的挖掘是对形式对等和功能对等的发展,其形义配对思想的运用兼具方法论优势和理论推动意义。

Contrastive linguistics as a discipline has been struggling with the issues of tertium comparationis(TC)establish-ment and the complex form-meaning correspondence between languages.The quantitative turn of usage-based multifactorial studies opens new solutions to the above issues.This paper first revisits the relationship between contrastive linguistics and quantitative studies,and points out the scheme of corpus-combined contrastive studies on comparability.Then it demonstrates the analytic path and advantage of multifactorial contrastive studies with two typical cases studies from the perspective of di-verging polysemy and synonymy.It is argued that multifactorial studies of form-meaning relation are a development on form or meaning correspondence.The application of the form-meaning pairing view contributes to contrastive studies both methodologi-cally and theoretically.