美国教师《专业学习标准》体系重构的研究

A Study of the Systematic Reconstruction of the Standards for Professional Learning for Teachers in the United States

教师的协作和专业学习状况已经被证明是教育高质量发展的重要变量,不仅是学校提高学生学习能力和成就的关键要素,且经过精心设计和支持的高质量教师专业学习,也是所有教育改革得以成功的核心。美国“引领学习”协会发布的第四代教师《专业学习标准》,以促进学生取得“公平且卓越”的学习成果为核心目标,与我国追求“公平且有质量”的教育具有相同的价值取向,从严谨的内容、转型过程、成功条件三个层面提出11项教师专业学习标准。《专业学习标准》注重实效主义追求,以谋求高质量教育公平与卓越作为教师专业学习有效性的首要原则,高质量的课程和教学材料作为教师专业学习有效性的基础和保障,从数据到证据的观念转变作为教师专业学习有效性的实证途径,基于协作专业主义的团队学习作为教师专业学习的有效方式。《专业学习标准》对我国构建教师专业学习标准、促进我国教师高质量专业学习系统的建立、提高教师专业学习的有效性具有启示和借鉴的价值。

Teacher collaboration and professional learning are the key elements to improve students'learning ability in schools.Well-designed and supported high-quality teacher professional learning is the core of the success of all educational reforms.In April 2022,Learning Forward released the fourth generation of the Standards for Professional Learning,which provides a policy basis for schools and education authorities in states and school districts across the United States to promote high-quality professional learning for educators.The core goal of the standard is to promote equitable and excellent outcomes of all students,which has the same value orientation as the pursuit of"equity and quality"education in China.The Standards propose 11 items for professional learning for teachers from three aspects:the rigorous content,the transformation process and the conditions for success.The Standards for Professional Learning focus on the pursuit of pragmatism,seeking high-quality education equity and excellence as the primary principle of teacher professional learning effectiveness,regarding high-quality courses and teaching materials as the basis and guarantee for teacher professional learning effectiveness,employing conceptual transformation from data to evidence as an empirical way for teacher professional learning effectiveness,and adopting team learning based on collaborative professionalism as an effective way for teacher professional learning.The Standards for Professional Learning in the United States have enlightenment and reference value for how to construct professional learning standards for teachers,promote the establishment of a high-quality professional learning system for teachers,and improve the effectiveness of teachers'professional learning in China.