基于站点接驳可达性计算的轨道交通乘客公平性研究

Rail transit passenger fairness based on accessibility calculation of station connection

为解决城市轨道交通系统发展与居民出行需求不平衡的矛盾,开展轨道交通出行公平性研究。以大连市轨道交通系统为例,首先,利用手机信令数据获取轨道交通乘客的实际出行需求,应用DBSCAN方法识别需求密集区域,以此确定轨道交通服务的核心乘客群体;然后,通过高德地图API获取需求密集区域内乘客在轨道交通出行前后的实际接驳时间,以此构建轨道交通的乘客可达性指标;最后,采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和泰尔指数评价方法,从时间和空间两个维度对轨道交通的公平性进行评价。结果表明:步行是轨道交通的主要接驳方式,公交为其辅助方式;在时间公平性方面,大连市轨道交通存在严重的不公平现象,2号线的不公平现象较1号线更为严重;在空间公平性方面,不公平现象主要由轨道交通站点服务范围内的乘客可达性存在差异导致。

In order to solve the contradiction between the development of urban rail transit system and the unbalanced travel demand of residents, the study on the fairness of railtransit travel was carried out. Taking Dalian rail transit systemas an example, firstly, the actual travel demand of rail transitpassengers was obtained by using mobile phone signaling data,and the DBSCAN method was used to identify demand intensiveareas, with this to determine the core passenger groupof rail transit services. Then, the Gaode map API was used toobtain the actual pre- and post-transit travel times of passengersin the high-density demand areas, and constructed passengeraccessibility indicators for rail transit. Finally, theLorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and Theil index evaluationmethods were adopted to evaluate the fairness of rail transitfrom both temporal and spatial dimensions. Results show thatwalking is the primary mode of transit connection, and busesare the auxiliary mode;in terms of time fairness, there is aserious unfairness in Dalian' s rail transit system, the Line 2is more unfair than Line l;in terms of spatial fairness, unfairnessis mainly caused by differences in passenger accessibilitywithin the service scope of rail transit stations.