锂电池动力船舶电池热失控释放气体电池舱内扩散输运数值模拟

Numerical simulation of battery thermal runaway release gas diffusion and transport in the cabin of lithium battery powered ship

为准确评估锂电池动力船舶电池热失控事故可能产生的爆炸风险,基于欧拉多相流模型耦合标准k-ε湍流模型,建立不同通风条件下电池舱内爆炸性气体云团扩散输运数值模型。以国内某沿海航行锂电池动力船舶为研究对象,开展不同空调送风量下多种规模电池热失控后气体输运过程分析,以释放气体中主要成分H_2燃烧爆炸范围为边界获得可燃爆炸气体云团分布发展情况。计算结果表明,气体释放后在电池舱内迅速扩散并向舱顶聚集,热失控电池数量越大,爆炸性气体云团范围越大且气体浓度越高;通风可以有效降低爆炸性气体云团范围,但仅通过改变风量来降低爆炸性气体云团范围并非有效措施;CFD数值模拟可以辅助评估气体释放事件带来的舱室爆炸风险。

In order to accurately assess the possible explosion risk caused by thermal runaway accidents of the lithium battery powered marine ships,a numerical model for simulating the diffusion and transport of explosive gas clouds in the battery compartment under different ventilation conditions was established based on the Euler multiphase flow model coupling the standard k-turbulence model.Taking a domestic coastal navigation lithium battery powered ship as the research object,the analysis of gas transport process after thermal runaway of various scales batteries under different air conditioning air supply volumes was carried out,the distribution and development of flammable and explosive gas clouds based on the combustion and explosion range of the main component H,in the released gas was obtained.The calculation results show that the released gas rapidly diffuses inside the battery cabin and accumulates towards the cabin roof.Larger the number of thermal runaway batteries,the larger the explosive gas cloud area,and higher the gas concentration.The explosive gas cloud can be decreased by ventilation but cannot be efficiently reduced by simply increasing the supplied air rate.CFD numerical simulation can be utilized to assist in evaluating the cabin explosion risk caused by gas release events.