美国海岸带灾害风险区管理撤退机制

On the mechanism of managed retreat in disaster risk area of the coastal zone in US

海平面上升使得全球被迫搬家的人数可能会达到数亿,管理撤退逐步成为有效消除风险的首要选择,频繁、严重的海岸带灾害向传统“人定胜天”的防御思想提出了挑战。基于文献研究了美国海岸带灾害风险地区的管理撤退机制,通过对案例和法规的梳理阐述了管理撤退的重要性,总结了实施管理撤退的5类工具,包括规划、收购、监管、发展权转让、法律,探讨了撤退之后接收地区居民适应问题和撤退地区生态修复问题。

As the sea-level rise is expected to reach 80 to 200cm in the next 100 years and inundate hundreds of coastal cities,the number of people forced to relocate globally is likely to reach hundreds of millions.Managing the retreat is increasingly becoming the first option to effectively eliminate the risk.Frequent and serious coastal disasters pose a challenge to the traditional defense idea of"man conquers nature".This paper mainly adopts the literature method to study the management retreat mechanism of coastal disaster risk areas in the US.It expounds the importance of management retreat by reviewing cases and regulations,summarizes five types of tools for implementing management retreat,namely planning,acquisition,supervision,transfer of development rights and laws,and discusses the adaptation of residents in receiving areas and ecological restoration in evacuated areas after evacuation.It is hoped that these strategies can provide reference for the withdrawal mechanism of construction land in our coastal disaster risk areas.