民用航空人员色觉检测与航空医学鉴定研究进展

Research progress on color vision detection and aeromedical assessment in civil aviation personnel

目的综述国内外对民用航空人员色觉异常的检测手段及航空医学鉴定标准,以期为我国民用航空人员色觉评估方法研究和色觉标准的修订提供借鉴。资料来源与选择国内外公开发表的色觉相关文献、各国民航航空医学手册及色觉相关标准。资料引用引用文献资料43篇。资料综合色觉是视功能的重要组成部分,在航空实践中对识别信息、检测信号起着至关重要的作用。目前国际上航空医学领域中常用的色觉检测手段有假同色图、色相排列法、色觉镜、色灯测试、色觉评估和诊断测试、精密进近航道指示器模拟器测试、Rabin视锥对比度测试和操作性色觉分析。各国对色觉异常的诊断程序和航空医学鉴定标准存在较大差异,大多采用多种检测手段联合的方法对色觉异常者进行识别和航空医学鉴定,色觉相关关键驾驶任务的操作能力测试越来越受到重视。新型的电子终端设备辅助的色觉检测方法表现出良好的应用前景。结论民用航空人员色觉检测手段多种多样。如何客观和量化地评估民用航空人员色觉异常的程度及其对飞行安全的影响,建立更为适当的色觉航空医学鉴定标准,是我们面临的难题和努力的方向。

Objective To provide references for the research of color vision evaluation methods and the revision of color vision standards for civil aviation personnel in China by reviewing the detection methods and aeromedical assessment standards of color vision deficiency for civil aviation personnel in China and abroad.Literature resource and selection Relevant literatures on the subject of color vision published at home and abroad,manuals of civil aviation medicine in various countries and standards related to color vision.Literature quotation Forty-three references were cited.Literature synthesis Color vision is an important part of visual functions and plays a critically indispensable role in identifying information and detecting signals in aviation practice.At present,the commonly used color vision detection methods in aviation medicine across the world include pseudoisochromatic plate test,hue arrangement test,anomaloscope,aviation light test,color assessment and diagnosis test,precision approach path indicator simulator test,Rabin cone contrast test,and operational color vision analysis.There are obvious differences in the diagnostic procedures and aeromedical assessment standards on color vision deficiency in various countries.Most of them use a variety of joint detection methods to recognize and aeromedically identify individuals with color vision deficiency.More attention has paid to the operational performance of key tasks related to color vision.The new electronic terminal equipment-assisted color vision detection method shows good promise for application.Conclusions There are various methods of detecting color vision deficiency in civil aviation personnel.To objectively and quantitatively evaluate the severity of color vision deficiency in civil aviation personnel and its impact on flight safety and to establish more appropriate aeromedical assessment standards of color vision,will be our efforts we should make.