智能水凝胶在生物医学领域的研究进展

Research progress of intelligent hydrogels in the field of biomedicine

水凝胶是最常用的生物材料之一。它们在化学和结构上的多样性使其能够在广泛的场景中使用,目前水凝胶材料在生物医药领域主要用于药物输送、癌症治疗和伤口愈合等。聚合物网络是水凝胶的核心组成部分,赋予水凝胶最独特的功能和性质。在分子层面上可以控制水凝胶的连接方式和聚合物的网络结构。因此,在材料研发的初期,了解聚合物网络的连接方式、结构、功能和特性,选择合适的聚合物对于制备特定功能的水凝胶至关重要。本文首先概述了水凝胶的凝胶机理和影响凝胶的因素,在分子层面上可以控制聚合物网络的形成,从而制备临床上需要的水凝胶。最后介绍了水凝胶在临床医学上的应用,展望了水凝胶材料的未来发展趋势。

Hydrogels are among the most commonly used biomaterials.Their chemical and structural diversity enables them to be used in a wide range of scenarios.Currently,hydrogel materials are mainly used in the fields of biomedicine for drug delivery,cancer treatment,and wound healing.The polymer network is the core component of hydrogels,endowing them with their unique functions and properties.The connection method and network structure of polymers in hydrogels can be controlled at the molecular level.Therefore,understanding the connection methods,structure,function,and characteristics of polymer networks,and selecting suitable polymers are crucial for preparing hydrogels with specific functions in the early stages of material development.This article first provides an overview of the gelation mechanisms of hydrogels and the factors that affect gelation.It also discusses how the formation of polymer networks can be controlled at the molecular level to prepare hydrogels needed in clinical settings.Finally,the article introduces the clinical applications of hydrogels and looks forward to the future development trends of hydrogel materials.