2022年山东省市售小麦粉真菌毒素污染情况调查

Investigation on mycotoxin pollution of wheat flour on market in Shandong province in 2022

目的探讨2022年山东省市售小麦粉中15种真菌毒素的污染情况,为我国真菌毒素污染防治提供理论依据。方法2022年8-10月采用简单随机抽样法,在山东省8个城市采集260份市售小麦粉样品,采用同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法检测小麦粉真菌毒素污染情况。结果山东省市售小麦粉样品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)检出率最高,为92.31%;其次为玉米赤霉烯酮(3.08%);再次为15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(1.54%)和伏马毒素B1(1.15%);黄曲霉毒素B1、伏马毒素B2和3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇检出率均为0.38%;其余8种真菌毒素未检出。所有样品均未超标,15种真菌毒素的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3315.520,P<0.05)。DON污染的样品中,中低含量的样品占比高,鲁西北地区和半岛地区小麦粉中DON的含量总体分布均高于鲁中地区和鲁南地区(H=48.862,P<0.05),散装样品和定型包装样品的DON污染水平差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.268,P>0.05)。结论2022年山东省市售小麦粉样品中15种真菌毒素污染情况整体较轻,未有样品超出我国限量标准,DON是小麦粉污染的主要真菌毒素。

Objective To investigate the contamination status of 15 mycotoxins in wheat flour samples from Shandong province in 2022,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of mycotoxins in China.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to collect 260 commercially available wheat flour samples from 8 cities in Shandong province from August to October 2022,and isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(IDLC-MS/MS)was used to detect mycotoxin contamination of wheat flour.Results In the commercially available wheat flour samples in Shandong province,the detection rate of Deoxynivalenol(DON)was the highest(92.31%),followed by Zearalenone(3.08%),15-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol(1.54%)and FumonisinB1(1.15%).The detection rates of AflatoxinB1,FumonisinB2 and 3-Acetyl-Deoxynivalenol were 0.38%.The other 8 mycotoxins were not detected,and all samples did not exceed the standard.There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of 15 mycotoxins(χ^(2)=3315.520,P<0.05).Among the samples contaminated by DON,the proportion of samples with medium and low content was high.The overall distribution of DON content in wheat flour in northwest Shandong and peninsula was higher than that in central Shandong and southern Shandong(H=48.862,P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between bulk samples and packaged samples(Z=-1.268,P>0.05).Conclusion The pollution of 15 mycotoxins in the wheat flour samples from Shandong province in 2022 was relatively light,and none of the samples exceeded the limit of China.DON was the main mycotoxin in the wheat flour pollution.