东南沿海农村家庭养老模式延续的内外机制探究——基于华南地区某市M村的考察

Exploration of the Internal and External Mechanisms for the Continuation of Rural Family Elderly Care Mode in Southeast Coast:Based on the Investigation of M Village in a City of Southern China

随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,家庭结构呈现出核心化、小型化的趋势,面对日趋严峻的人口老龄化形势,传统的家庭养老模式难以为继,特别是在农村地区,家庭养老模式的延续面临较大挑战。然而,在东南沿海某市M村的家庭养老模式却依然保持完好。那么,究竟是什么机制促使了M村的家庭养老模式得以延续呢?文章发现该村家庭养老模式的延续得益于家庭内外的作用机制,具体表现为三个方面:一是家庭内结构机制,即主干家庭延续构筑家庭养老人力之基;二是家庭外结构机制,即社区约束构建外部制约惩罚机制;三是家庭内外因交互机制,即孝道传承内塑家庭养老文化之基,经济发展水平外塑家庭养老社会保障水平。

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,family structures are showing a trend towards centralization and downsizing.Faced with the increasingly severe situation of population aging,the traditional family care mode is difficult to sustain,particularly in rural areas where the continuation of the family elderly care model faces significant challenges.However,in M Village,a coastal city in southeast China,the family elderly care mode remains intact.So,what mechanisms have enabled the continuation of the family elderly care mode in M village?This article finds that the continuation of the family elderly care model in the village is due to both internal and external mechanisms.Specifically,these mechanisms can be categorized into three aspects:firstly,the internal structural mechanism within the family,whereby the backbone family continues to provide the manpower for elderly care;secondly,the external structural mechanism within the community,whereby community constraints establish external regulatory and punitive mechanisms;thirdly,the interaction mechanism between the internal and external factors of the family,whereby filial piety inheritance shapes the foundation of the family elderly care culture,and the level of economic development shapes the level of social security for family elderly care.