一种用于人工气道与呼吸机管路间的新型人工气道密闭器

A new type of artificial airway sealer used between artificial airway and ventilator pipeline

在各种烈性呼吸系统传染性疾病全球大流行的背景下,因严重低氧血症甚至急性呼吸窘迫综合征而需要机械通气治疗的需求急剧增加.临床工作中有时需要短暂断开呼吸机管路与人工气道的连接,但此操作可导致气道内压力急剧下降,与保护性肺通气策略相违背,且增加了生物气溶胶的环境暴露风险,对患者和医务工作者均构成严重威胁,目前尚缺乏有效解决手段.在多年呼吸支持治疗研究的基础上,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科的团队设计了一种新型人工气道密闭器,并获得了国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL 201920379605.4),该装置由两段连接管、密闭器本体及位于其中的以虹彩光圈为代表的截止阀构成,结构简单、操作方便、生产成本低,安装于人工气道与呼吸机管路之间,通过调节截止阀以实现人工气道的瞬时开放与密闭,可以最大程度减少因反复断开管路连接所引起的呼吸机相关性肺损伤,避免生物气溶胶的医源性传播,从而实现对患者及医疗工作者的双重保护,具有广泛的临床应用前景和较高的卫生经济价值.

The need for mechanical ventilation due to severe hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome has increased dramatically in the global pandemic of severe respiratory infectious diseases.In clinical scenarios,it is sometimes necessary to briefly disconnect the ventilator pipeline from the artificial airway.Still,this operation can lead to a sharp drop in airway pressure,which is contrary to the protective lung ventilation strategy and increases the risk of environmental exposure to bioaerosol,posing a serious threat to patients and medical workers.At present,there is yet to be a practical solution.A new artificial airway device was designed by the medical staff from the department of critical care medicine of Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,based on many years of research experience in respiratory support therapy,and recently obtained the National Utility Model Patent of China(ZL 201920379605.4).The device comprises two connecting pipes,the sealing device body,and the globe valve represented by the iridescent optical ring.It has a simple structure,convenient operation,and low production cost.The device is installed between the artificial airway and the ventilator pipeline and realizes the instantaneous sealing of the artificial airway by adjusting the shut-off valve.Using this device to treat mechanically ventilated patients can minimize the ventilator-induced lung injury caused by the repeated disconnection of pipelines,avoid iatrogenic transmission of bioaerosols,and realize dual protection for patients and medical workers.It has extensive clinical application prospects and high health and economic value.