摘要
臭氧是大气中重要的痕量气体,可影响对流层与平流层大气状态和过程。约90%的臭氧集中在平流层,可吸收下行紫外太阳辐射,保护地球生命系统;约10%的臭氧位于对流层,其空间分布多受局地生成和跨区域输送的影响。目前,臭氧已逐渐成为我国甚至全球首要污染物,臭氧污染防治也相应地成为我国未来大气污染防治的重点。本文回顾了卫星遥感臭氧的发展进程,包括臭氧卫星探测传感器、反演算法和应用进展,并着重分析了臭氧污染相关内容,包括臭氧污染时空特征分析、典型污染事件分析、臭氧污染与气象条件相互作用等。多种卫星探测载荷的仪器设计和反演技术的不断发展,使得卫星遥感臭氧反演和监测应用成为可能。卫星可通过紫外谱段和红外谱段而获取臭氧整层信息和垂直分布信息,目前臭氧柱总量监测精度较高,但对流层下层和近地面臭氧浓度反演精度还有待提高。根据现阶段的技术水平,可采用多种技术方法相结合来提升中低层臭氧的探测能力。臭氧污染的监管和防控需要摸清来源,准确评估污染的成因,可从前体物排放、化学转化、气象影响、三维传输等方面逐步进行解析。此外,氮氧化物(NO_(x))和挥发性有机物(VOC_(s))的协同减排是我国臭氧治理的根本所在,也是下一步的重点研究方向。
Significancee Ozone is an important trace gas in the atmosphere and can affect the state and process of the troposphere and stratosphere.About 90%of ozone is concentrated in the stratosphere(10-50 km)and can absorb ultraviolet radiation from the sun,thus affecting the atmospheric circulation and the earth's climate,and protecting the earth's life system.10%of ozone is located in the troposphere,which exerts an important influence on atmospheric chemistry,air quality,and climate change,and its spatial distribution is affected by both cross-regional transport and regional production.The main source of near-surface ozone is a photochemical reaction,and its main precursors are carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and volatile organic compounds(VOC_(s)).In addition,near-surface ozone concentration is also affected by meteorological conditions and regional transport.In recent years,ozone has become the primary pollutant after PM2.s in China and even the world,especially in summer and autumn.Correspondingly,ozone pollution prevention and control have been the focus of air pollution control in the future.Ozone data can be obtained by ground-based,sounding,airborne,and space-borne observations.The ground-based observation stations can provide spatial-temporal distribution information of ozone.The data at each site are of high accuracy and good stability with the insufficient spatial representation of the sites,and the ozone concentration in the whole troposphere is not well-reflected.The vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric ozone can be obtained by sounding and airborne observations,which can be employed to verify the satellite observation accuracy.However,the lack of spatial-temporal continuity makes it difficult to obtain the ozone distribution in a large area.As space-borne observations are not subject to geographical restrictions,it is possible to acquire global ozone spatial-temporal distribution information with all-weather coverage and provide hyperspectral and high-precision data.Therefore,high-precision,global,and allweather ozone information can be obtained based on multiple satellite detection payloads.Progress Currently,the global ozone detection instruments are divided into three detection methods of nadir observation,occultation observation,and limb-viewing(Fig.1).The total ozone column with high precision and ozone profiles with low vertical resolution can be obtained by the nadir observation.The ozone profile can be detected by limbviewing and occultation observation.Occultation observation features high vertical resolution and precision,but with limited sampling frequency and small data volume.In contrast,limb-viewing can detect ultraviolet,infrared,and microwave bands,and it has high sampling frequency and can realize all-weather sampling.According to the detection spectrum and detection principles,global ozone detection instruments can be divided into ultraviolet spectral detection sensors and infrared spectral detection sensors.Based on the satellite development technologies,the inversion algorithms of the total ozone column and ozone profile are proposed(Figs.3 and 4),and the estimation method of near-surface ozone is developed by integrating multi-source data.The whole layer ozone information and the vertical ozone distribution information can be obtained from the ultraviolet spectrum and infrared spectrum of satellites respectively.The monitoring accuracy of the total ozone column has currently reached 90%,but the inversion accuracy of the ozone concentration in the middle and lower troposphere and near the surface needs to be improved.According to the current level of inversion technology,the combination of various technical methods can be adopted to improve the detection capability of the middle and lowerozone.The application of various ozone satellite remote sensing can be carried out in the technology of atmospheric ozone detection and inversion.Our study focuses on ozone pollution progress,including the analysis of spatial-temporal characteristics of ozone pollution and typical pollution events,and the interaction between ozone pollution and meteorological conditions.The different meteorological factors can affect ozone pollution precursors.Quantifying the influence of meteorological conditions on the photochemical reaction process of ozone is an important prerequisite for formulating scientific emission reduction schemes to improve air quality.The analysis of typical ozone pollution processes can clarify the formation mechanism,development process,and subsequent evolution of near-surface ozone pollution.Conclusions and Prospects The continuous development of instrument design and inversion technology of various satellite detection payloads makes it possible for satellite remote sensing inversion and monitoring applications of ozone.The supervision and control of ozone pollution need to find out the source and accurately evaluate the pollution cases,which can be gradually analyzed in precursor emissions,chemical conversion,meteorological influence,and threedimensional transport.The synergistic emission reduction of VOC_(s) and NO_(x) is the ozone treatment fundamental in China,and it is also the major research direction in the next step.
作者
迟雨蕾
赵传峰
Chi Yulei;Zhao Chuanfeng(College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《光学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第18期64-81,共18页
Acta Optica Sinica
基金
中国气象局风云卫星应用先行计划(FY-APP-2022.0506)。
关键词
大气光学
臭氧
卫星遥感
反演算法
精度验证
空气质量
平流层侵入
atmospheric optics
ozone
satellite remote sensing
inversion algorithm
precision validation
air quality
stratosphericintrusion